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Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful yet computationally expensive technique that can yield subsurface models at high resolution. Randomly selected shots ("mini-batches") can be used to approximate the misfit and the gradient of FWI,…

Geophysics · Physics 2020-05-25 Bharath Shekar

Full waveform inversion is an ill-posed inverse problem whose solution non-uniqueness -- i.e., arising from band-limited, finite-aperture, noisy data -- calls for uncertainty quantification to avoid overconfident geological interpretations.…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-03-27 Kamal Aghazade , Ali Siahkoohi , Ali Gholami

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) with extended sources first computes wavefields with data-driven source extensions, such that the simulated data in inaccurate velocity models match the observed counterpart well enough to prevent cycle…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-03-03 Gaoshan Guo , Stephane Operto , Ali Gholami , Hossein S. Aghamiry

Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI) has now become a widely accepted tool to obtain high-resolution velocity models from seismic data. Typically, the velocity model in its discrete form is represented on a rectangular grid, and we solve for the…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-01-25 Reetam Biswas , Mrinal K. Sen

Objectives: Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a high-resolution geophysical imaging technique that reconstructs subsurface velocity models by iteratively minimizing the misfit between predicted and observed seismic data. However, under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xinyi Zhang , Caiyun Liu , Jie Xiong , Qingfeng Yu

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) uses full seismic records to estimate subsurface velocity structure. This requires a highly nonlinear and nonunique inverse problem to be solved, and Bayesian methods have been used to quantify…

Geophysics · Physics 2021-04-13 Xin Zhang , Andrew Curtis

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a technique employed to attain a high resolution subsurface velocity model. However, FWI results are effected by the limited illumination of the model domain and the quality of that illumination, which is…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-08-20 Lingyun Yang , Omar M. Saad , Guochen Wu , Tariq Alkhalifah

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) reconstructs high-resolution subsurface models via multi-variate optimization but faces challenges with solver selection and data availability. Deep Learning (DL) offers a promising alternative, bridging…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-02-27 Christopher Zerafa

Wavefield reconstruction inversion (WRI) extends the search space of Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) by allowing for wave equation errors during wavefield reconstruction to match the data from the first iteration. Then, the wavespeeds are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-18 Hossein S. Aghamiry , Ali Gholami , Stéphane Operto

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is an advanced seismic inversion technique for quantitatively estimating subsurface properties. However, with FWI, it is hard to converge to a geologically-realistic subsurface model. Thus, we propose a…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 Yuanyuan Li , Hao Zhang , Zhuoqi Yan , Tariq Alkhalifah

Full waveform inversion (FWI) can be expressed in a Bayesian framework, where the associated uncertainties are captured by the posterior probability distribution (PPD). In practice, solving Bayesian FWI with sampling-based methods such as…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-11-05 Shuhua Hu , Mrinal K Sen , Zeyu Zhao , Abdelrahman Elmeliegy , Shuo Zhang

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a challenging, ill-posed nonlinear inverse problem that requires robust regularization techniques to stabilize the solution and yield geologically meaningful results, especially when dealing with sparse…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-02 Ali Gholami , Silvia Gazzola

Full-waveform inversion is a cutting-edge methodology for recovering high-resolution subsurface models. However, one of the main conventional full-waveform optimization problems challenges is cycle-skipping, usually leading us to an…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Muhammad Izzatullah , Tariq Alkhalifah

Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a high-resolution technique used in geophysics to evaluate the physical parameters and construct subsurface models in a noisy and limited data scenario. The ill-posed nature of the FWI turns this a…

We propose a way to favorably employ neural networks in the field of non-destructive testing using Full Waveform Inversion (FWI). The presented methodology discretizes the unknown material distribution in the domain with a neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Stefan Kollmannsberger , Divya Singh , Leon Herrmann

Full-Waveform Inversion seeks to achieve a high-resolution model of the subsurface through the application of multi-variate optimization to the seismic inverse problem. Although now a mature technology, FWI has limitations related to the…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-02-26 Christopher Zerafa , Pauline Galea , Cristiana Sebu

We present Lift and Relax for Waveform Inversion (LRWI), an approach that mitigates the local minima issue in seismic full waveform inversion (FWI) via a combination of two convexification techniques. The first technique (Lift) extends the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-08 Zhilong Fang , Laurent Demanet

The augmented Lagrangian (AL) method has been successfully applied for solving the full waveform inversion (FWI) problem. In AL-based FWI, the Lagrange multipliers serve as source extensions, offering several advantages to the inversion,…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-12-19 Mahdi Sonbolestan , Ali Gholami

PDE-constrained optimization problems are often treated using the reduced formulation where the PDE constraints are eliminated. This approach is known to be more computationally feasible than other alternatives at large scales. However, the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Sagi Buchatsky , Eran Treister

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) techniques aim to find a high-resolution subsurface geophysical model provided with waveform data. Some recent effort in data-driven FWI has shown some encouraging results in obtaining 2D velocity maps.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Qili Zeng , Shihang Feng , Brendt Wohlberg , Youzuo Lin