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The ability of artificial agents to increment their capabilities when confronted with new data is an open challenge in artificial intelligence. The main challenge faced in such cases is catastrophic forgetting, i.e., the tendency of neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Eden Belouadah , Adrian Popescu , Ioannis Kanellos

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to learn new classes while retaining previous knowledge. Although pre-trained model (PTM) based approaches show strong performance, directly fine-tuning PTMs on incremental task streams often causes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhiming Xu , Suorong Yang , Baile Xu , Furao Shen , Jian Zhao

We propose Adapter Merging with Centroid Prototype Mapping (ACMap), an exemplar-free framework for class-incremental learning (CIL) that addresses both catastrophic forgetting and scalability. While existing methods involve a trade-off…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Takuma Fukuda , Hiroshi Kera , Kazuhiko Kawamoto

Catastrophic forgetting emerges as a critical challenge when fine-tuning multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), where improving performance on unseen tasks often leads to a significant performance drop on the original tasks. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Didi Zhu , Zhongyi Sun , Zexi Li , Tao Shen , Ke Yan , Shouhong Ding , Kun Kuang , Chao Wu

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to adapt to emerging new classes without forgetting old ones. Traditional CIL models are trained from scratch to continually acquire knowledge as data evolves. Recently, pre-training has achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Da-Wei Zhou , Zi-Wen Cai , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan , Ziwei Liu

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to build classification models from data streams. At each step of the CIL process, new classes must be integrated into the model. Due to catastrophic forgetting, CIL is particularly challenging when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Grégoire Petit , Michael Soumm , Eva Feillet , Adrian Popescu , Bertrand Delezoide , David Picard , Céline Hudelot

Catastrophic forgetting remains a fundamental challenge in continual learning, in which models often forget previous knowledge when fine-tuned on a new task. This issue is especially pronounced in class incremental learning (CIL), which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Amirhosein Javadi , Tuomas Oikarinen , Tara Javidi , Tsui-Wei Weng

In class-incremental learning (CIL) scenarios, the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting caused by the classifier's bias towards the current task has long posed a significant challenge. It is mainly caused by the characteristic of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Xusheng Cao , Haori Lu , Linlan Huang , Xialei Liu , Ming-Ming Cheng

Multi-Class Incremental Learning (MCIL) aims to learn new concepts by incrementally updating a model trained on previous concepts. However, there is an inherent trade-off to effectively learning new concepts without catastrophic forgetting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Yaoyao Liu , Yuting Su , An-An Liu , Bernt Schiele , Qianru Sun

Multi-modal class-incremental learning (MMCIL) seeks to leverage multi-modal data, such as audio-visual and image-text pairs, thereby enabling models to learn continuously across a sequence of tasks while mitigating forgetting. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Xianghu Yue , Yiming Chen , Xueyi Zhang , Xiaoxue Gao , Mengling Feng , Mingrui Lao , Huiping Zhuang , Haizhou Li

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to train a reliable model with the streaming data, which emerges unknown classes sequentially. Different from traditional closed set learning, CIL has two main challenges: 1) Novel class detection. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Yang Yang , Zhen-Qiang Sun , HengShu Zhu , Yanjie Fu , Hui Xiong , Jian Yang

With the memory-resource-limited constraints, class-incremental learning (CIL) usually suffers from the "catastrophic forgetting" problem when updating the joint classification model on the arrival of newly added classes. To cope with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Hanbin Zhao , Hui Wang , Yongjian Fu , Fei Wu , Xi Li

In many real-world scenarios, data to train machine learning models becomes available over time. Unfortunately, these models struggle to continually learn new concepts without forgetting what has been learnt in the past. This phenomenon is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Beyza Ermis , Giovanni Zappella , Martin Wistuba , Aditya Rawal , Cedric Archambeau

Class-Incremental learning (CIL) refers to the ability of artificial agents to integrate new classes as they appear in a stream. It is particularly interesting in evolving environments where agents have limited access to memory and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Eden Belouadah , Arnaud Dapogny , Kevin Bailly

Continual learning is essential for adapting models to new tasks while retaining previously acquired knowledge. While existing approaches predominantly focus on uni-modal data, multi-modal learning offers substantial benefits by utilizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Evelyn Chee , Wynne Hsu , Mong Li Lee

Deep neural networks (DNNs) often suffer from "catastrophic forgetting" during incremental learning (IL) --- an abrupt degradation of performance on the original set of classes when the training objective is adapted to a newly added set of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Junting Zhang , Jie Zhang , Shalini Ghosh , Dawei Li , Serafettin Tasci , Larry Heck , Heming Zhang , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Many deep learning applications, like keyword spotting, require the incorporation of new concepts (classes) over time, referred to as Class Incremental Learning (CIL). The major challenge in CIL is catastrophic forgetting, i.e., preserving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Dong Ma , Chi Ian Tang , Cecilia Mascolo

Class-incremental Learning (CIL) enables the model to incrementally absorb knowledge from new classes and build a generic classifier across all previously encountered classes. When the model optimizes with new classes, the knowledge of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Juncen Guo , Xiaoguang Zhu , Liangyu Teng , Hao Yang , Jing Liu , Yang Liu , Liang Song

In this paper, we introduce Modality-Inconsistent Continual Learning (MICL), a new continual learning scenario for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) that involves tasks with inconsistent modalities (image, audio, or video) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Weiguo Pian , Shijian Deng , Shentong Mo , Mingrui Liu , Yunhui Guo , Yapeng Tian

Class-incremental learning (CIL) enables models to learn new classes progressively while preserving knowledge of previously learned ones. Recent advances in this field have shifted towards parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques, with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Haoran Chen , Ping Wang , Zihan Zhou , Xu Zhang , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang