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Scaling generalist GUI agents is hindered by the data scalability bottleneck of expensive human demonstrations and the "distillation ceiling" of synthetic teacher supervision. To transcend these limitations, we propose UI-Oceanus, a…

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents have advanced rapidly but still struggle with complex tasks involving novel UI elements, long-horizon actions, and personalized trajectories. In this work, we introduce Instruction Agent, a GUI agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yinheng Li , Hailey Hultquist , Justin Wagle , Kazuhito Koishida

Human-Computer Interaction with the traditional User Interface is done using a specified in advance script dialog menu, mainly based on human intellect and unproductive use of navigation. This approach does not lead to making qualitative…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2014-02-11 Ben Khayut , Lina Fabri , Maya Abukhana

Mobile GUI agents show promise in automating tasks but face generalization challenges in diverse real-world scenarios. Traditional approaches using pre-training or fine-tuning with massive datasets struggle with the diversity of mobile…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Guangyi Liu , Pengxiang Zhao , Liang Liu , Zhiming Chen , Yuxiang Chai , Shuai Ren , Hao Wang , Shibo He , Wenchao Meng

Developing autonomous agents that effectively interact with Graphic User Interfaces (GUIs) remains a challenging open problem, especially for small on-device models. In this paper, we present Ferret-UI Lite, a compact, end-to-end GUI agent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Zhen Yang , Zi-Yi Dou , Di Feng , Forrest Huang , Anh Nguyen , Keen You , Omar Attia , Yuhao Yang , Michael Feng , Haotian Zhang , Ram Ramrakhya , Chao Jia , Jeffrey Nichols , Alexander Toshev , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan

Current benchmarks for graphical user interface (GUI) agents predominantly rely on static screenshots. However, real-world smartphone interaction routinely requires agents to process transient audio cues and temporal video dynamics that are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Felix Henry , Xiaochen Lin , Jiangyou Zhu , Yangfan , Bingqian Zhang , Min Chen , Shiyu Huang

GUI agents are beginning to operate the web, mobile, and desktop as interactive worlds, where successful control depends on carrying forward visual, procedural, and task-level evidence beyond the fleeting present screen. Yet most agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Guibin Zhang , Yaohui Ling , Fanci Meng , Kun Wang , Shuicheng Yan

Humans can flexibly switch between different modes of thinking based on task complexity: from rapid intuitive judgments to in-depth analytical understanding. However, current Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding systems which locate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Fei Tang , Yongliang Shen , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Guiyang Hou , Wenqi Zhang , Wenqiao Zhang , Kaitao Song , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents extend large language models from text generation to action execution in real-world digital environments. Unlike conversational systems, GUI agents perform irreversible operations such as submitting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yucheng Shi , Wenhao Yu , Jingyuan Huang , Wenlin Yao , Wenhu Chen , Ninghao Liu

With the deep integration of artificial intelligence and interactive technology, Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agent, as the carrier connecting goal-oriented natural language and real-world devices, has received widespread attention from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Leyang Yang , Ziwei Wang , Xiaoxuan Tang , Sheng Zhou , Dajun Chen , Wei Jiang , Yong Li

MLLM-based GUI agents have demonstrated strong capabilities in complex user interface interaction tasks. However, long-horizon scenarios remain challenging, as these agents are burdened with tasks beyond their intrinsic capabilities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhengxi Lu , Fei Tang , Guangyi Liu , Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Jin Ma , Wenqi Zhang , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang , Yongliang Shen

Building Graphical User Interface (GUI) assistants holds significant promise for enhancing human workflow productivity. While most agents are language-based, relying on closed-source API with text-rich meta-information (e.g., HTML or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Kevin Qinghong Lin , Linjie Li , Difei Gao , Zhengyuan Yang , Shiwei Wu , Zechen Bai , Weixian Lei , Lijuan Wang , Mike Zheng Shou

Evaluating GUI agents presents a distinct challenge: trajectories are long, visually grounded, and open-ended, yet evaluation must be both accurate and interpretable. Existing approaches typically apply a single holistic judgment over the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yuwen Zhai , Runze Li , Liang Wang , Nian Shi , Liwu Xu , Wei Zhang , Ran Lin , Bo Xu , Benlei Cui

Graphical User Interface (GUI) is not merely a collection of individual and unrelated widgets, but rather partitions discrete widgets into groups by various visual cues, thus forming higher-order perceptual units such as tab, menu, card or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Mulong Xie , Zhenchang Xing , Sidong Feng , Chunyang Chen , Liming Zhu , Xiwei Xu

Despite the rapid progress of multimodal large language models in building Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, their real-world task completion is fundamentally bottlenecked by a lack of world knowledge about GUI operations. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zheng Wu , Chengcheng Han , Zhengxi Lu , Tianjie Ju , Yanyu Chen , Qi Gu , Xunliang Cai , Zhuosheng Zhang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) tasks are vital for automating workflows such as software testing, user interface navigation. For users, the GUI is the most intuitive platform for interacting with a computer. Previous work identified a key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Zheng Hui , Yinheng Li , Dan zhao , Tianyi Chen , Colby Banbury , Kazuhito Koishida

The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is how users interact with mobile apps. To ensure it functions properly, testing engineers have to make sure it functions as intended, based on test requirements that are typically written in natural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Yongxiang Hu , Xuan Wang , Yingchuan Wang , Yu Zhang , Shiyu Guo , Chaoyi Chen , Xin Wang , Yangfan Zhou

Recent advancements in Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have predominantly focused on training paradigms like supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning (RL). However, the challenge of high-dynamic GUI environments remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Enqi Liu , Liyuan Pan , Zhi Gao , Yan Yang , Chenrui Shi , Yang Liu , Jingrong Wu , Qing Li

Modeling user interfaces (UIs) from visual information allows systems to make inferences about the functionality and semantics needed to support use cases in accessibility, app automation, and testing. Current datasets for training machine…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Jason Wu , Siyan Wang , Siman Shen , Yi-Hao Peng , Jeffrey Nichols , Jeffrey P. Bigham

Understanding mobile user interfaces is important for building intelligent systems such as automation tools, accessibility solutions, and UI-aware agents. However, progress in this area is still limited by the lack of high-quality datasets…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Athar Parvez , Muhammad Jawad Mufti , Muqaddas Gull , Omar Hammad