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Due to the high memory and computational costs associated with large language models (LLMs), model compression techniques such as quantization, which reduces inference costs, and parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods like Low-Rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Hyesung Jeon , Yulhwa Kim , Jae-joon Kim

Binary quantization represents the most extreme form of compression, reducing weights to +/-1 for maximal memory and computational efficiency. While recent sparsity-aware binarization achieves sub-1-bit compression via weight pruning, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Hao Gu , Lujun Li , Hao Wang , Lei Wang , Zheyu Wang , Bei Liu , Jiacheng Liu , Qiyuan Zhu , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

The increasing size and complexity of large language models (LLMs) have raised significant challenges in deployment efficiency, particularly under resource constraints. Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a practical solution by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Han Liu , Haotian Gao , Changya Li , Feng Zhang , Xiaotong Zhang , Wei Wang , Hong Yu

Long video understanding is a complex task that requires both spatial detail and temporal awareness. While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) obtain frame-level understanding capabilities through multi-frame input, they suffer from information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Ziyi Wang , Haoran Wu , Yiming Rong , Deyang Jiang , Yixin Zhang , Yunlong Zhao , Shuang Xu , Bo XU

LLMs are seeing growing use for applications which require large context windows, and with these large context windows KV cache activations surface as the dominant contributor to memory consumption during inference. Quantization is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Coleman Hooper , Sehoon Kim , Hiva Mohammadzadeh , Michael W. Mahoney , Yakun Sophia Shao , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance across diverse tasks, but their inference with long input contexts is bottlenecked by memory size and bandwidth. The Key-Value (KV) cache size grows linearly with sequence length…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Junkai Zhang , Hang Guo , Luca Benini , Yawei Li

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse applications. However, their computational overhead during deployment remains a critical bottleneck. While Key-Value (KV) caching effectively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Insu Han , Zeliang Zhang , Zhiyuan Wang , Yifan Zhu , Susan Liang , Jiani Liu , Haiting Lin , Mingjie Zhao , Chenliang Xu , Kun Wan , Wentian Zhao

Key-value (KV) cache compression has emerged as a critical technique for reducing the memory and latency overhead of autoregressive language models during inference. Prior approaches predominantly rely on query-key attention scores to rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Ayan Sengupta , Siddhant Chaudhary , Tanmoy Chakraborty

The advent of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models represents a significant leap for embodied intelligence, yet their immense computational demands critically hinder deployment on resource-constrained robotic platforms. Intuitively, low-bit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yuhao Xu , Yantai Yang , Zhenyang Fan , Yufan Liu , Yuming Li , Bing Li , Zhipeng Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in various tasks. However their huge model size and the consequent demand for computational and memory resources also pose challenges to model deployment. Currently, 4-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Jiayi Pan , Chengcan Wang , Kaifu Zheng , Yangguang Li , Zhenyu Wang , Bin Feng

Image compression techniques have made remarkable progress when it comes to file size reduction with a tolerable quality reduction; nonetheless, they are facing some challenges when it comes to applying more compression with the same…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Fikresilase Wondmeneh Abebayew

As large language models (LLMs) become more prevalent, there is a growing need for new and improved quantization methods that can meet the computationalast layer demands of these modern architectures while maintaining the accuracy. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Wenhua Cheng , Yiyang Cai , Kaokao Lv , Haihao Shen

Network quantization is a powerful technique to compress convolutional neural networks. The quantization granularity determines how to share the scaling factors in weights, which affects the performance of network quantization. Most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Zhihang Yuan , Yiqi Chen , Chenhao Xue , Chenguang Zhang , Qiankun Wang , Guangyu Sun

How can we accurately quantize a pre-trained Vision Transformer model? Quantization algorithms compress Vision Transformers (ViTs) into low-bit formats, reducing memory and computation demands with minimal accuracy degradation. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Minjun Kim , Jaeri Lee , Jongjin Kim , Jeongin Yun , Yongmo Kwon , U Kang

Retrieval augmentation is a powerful but expensive method to make language models more knowledgeable about the world. Memory-based methods like LUMEN pre-compute token representations for retrieved passages to drastically speed up…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Yury Zemlyanskiy , Michiel de Jong , Luke Vilnis , Santiago Ontañón , William W. Cohen , Sumit Sanghai , Joshua Ainslie

Transformer models have been successful in various sequence processing tasks, but the self-attention mechanism's computational cost limits its practicality for long sequences. Although there are existing attention variants that improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Zicheng Liu , Li Wang , Siyuan Li , Zedong Wang , Haitao Lin , Stan Z. Li

Mixture-of-Experts(MoE) Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer remarkable performance but incur prohibitive memory and computational costs, making compression essential. Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is an effective training-free technique…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Guangshuo Qin , Zhiteng Li , Zheng Chen , Weihang Zhang , Linghe Kong , Yulun Zhang

As large language models continue to scale, low-bit weight-only post-training quantization (PTQ) offers a practical solution to their memory-efficient deployment. Although block-wise PTQ is capable of matching the full-precision (FP)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jung Hyun Lee , June Yong Yang , Jungwook Choi , Eunho Yang

We consider vector-quantized (VQ) transmission of compressed sensing (CS) measurements over noisy channels. Adopting mean-square error (MSE) criterion to measure the distortion between a sparse vector and its reconstruction, we derive…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-01 Amirpasha Shirazinia , Saikat Chatterjee , Mikael Skoglund

Quantization is an essential and popular technique for improving the accessibility of large language models (LLMs) by reducing memory usage and computational costs while maintaining performance. In this study, we apply 4-bit Group Scaling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Sahil Sk , Debasish Dhal , Sonal Khosla , Sk Shahid , Sambit Shekhar , Akash Dhaka , Shantipriya Parida , Dilip K. Prasad , Ondřej Bojar