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Multimodal learning seeks to combine data from multiple input sources to enhance the performance of different downstream tasks. In real-world scenarios, performance can degrade substantially if some input modalities are missing. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Niki Nezakati , Md Kaykobad Reza , Ameya Patil , Mashhour Solh , M. Salman Asif

Semi-supervised learning addresses the issue of limited annotations in medical images effectively, but its performance is often inadequate for complex backgrounds and challenging tasks. Multi-modal fusion methods can significantly improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Dongdong Meng , Sheng Li , Hao Wu , Guoping Wang , Xueqing Yan

In the era of data-driven intelligence, the paradox of data abundance and annotation scarcity has emerged as a critical bottleneck in the advancement of machine learning. This paper gives a detailed overview of Active Learning (AL), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Chiung-Yi Tseng , Junhao Song , Ziqian Bi , Tianyang Wang , Chia Xin Liang , Xinyuan Song , Ming Liu

Class imbalance is an inherent characteristic of multi-label data that hinders most multi-label learning methods. One efficient and flexible strategy to deal with this problem is to employ sampling techniques before training a multi-label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Bin Liu , Konstantinos Blekas , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Active learning (AL) has emerged as a crucial methodology for minimizing labeling costs in deep learning by selecting the most valuable samples from a pool of unlabeled data for annotation. Traditional AL operates under a closed-set…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zongyao Lyu , William J. Beksi

Despite the impressive results achieved by multimodal large language models (MLLMs), their training typically relies on jointly curated multimodal data, requiring substantial human effort to construct multi-way aligned datasets and thereby…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yan Li , Yunlong Deng , Yuewen Sun , Gongxu Luo , Kun Zhang , Guangyi Chen

While LiDAR data acquisition is easy, labeling for semantic segmentation remains highly time consuming and must therefore be done selectively. Active learning (AL) provides a solution that can iteratively and intelligently label a dataset…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Ozan Unal , Dengxin Dai , Ali Tamer Unal , Luc Van Gool

Training machine learning models for classification tasks often requires labeling numerous samples, which is costly and time-consuming, especially in time series analysis. This research investigates Active Learning (AL) strategies to reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Shemonto Das

Multimodal federated learning (MFL) has emerged as a decentralized machine learning paradigm, allowing multiple clients with different modalities to collaborate on training a global model across diverse data sources without sharing their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Huy Q. Le , Chu Myaet Thwal , Yu Qiao , Ye Lin Tun , Minh N. H. Nguyen , Eui-Nam Huh , Choong Seon Hong

Due to the ever-growing diversity of the data source, multi-modality feature learning has attracted more and more attention. However, most of these methods are designed by jointly learning feature representation from multi-modalities that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Danfeng Hong , Jocelyn Chanussot , Naoto Yokoya , Jian Kang , Xiao Xiang Zhu

Multimodal intent recognition aims to leverage diverse modalities such as expressions, body movements and tone of speech to comprehend user's intent, constituting a critical task for understanding human language and behavior in real-world…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Qianrui Zhou , Hua Xu , Hao Li , Hanlei Zhang , Xiaohan Zhang , Yifan Wang , Kai Gao

The popularity of multimodal sensors and the accessibility of the Internet have brought us a massive amount of unlabeled multimodal data. Since existing datasets and well-trained models are primarily unimodal, the modality gap between a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Zihui Xue , Sucheng Ren , Zhengqi Gao , Hang Zhao

Multi-modal learning has emerged as a key technique for improving performance across domains such as autonomous driving, robotics, and reasoning. However, in certain scenarios, particularly in resource-constrained environments, some…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Rui Liu , Yu Shen , Peng Gao , Pratap Tokekar , Ming Lin

Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) draws increasing attention with the availability of multimodal data. The boost in performance of MSA models is mainly hindered by two problems. On the one hand, recent MSA works mostly focus on learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Ying Zeng , Sijie Mai , Haifeng Hu

To address the modality learning degeneration caused by modality imbalance, existing multimodal learning~(MML) approaches primarily attempt to balance the optimization process of each modality from the perspective of model learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Qingyuan Jiang , Zhouyang Chi , Xiao Ma , Qirong Mao , Yang Yang , Jinhui Tang

Deep neural networks have reached high accuracy on object detection but their success hinges on large amounts of labeled data. To reduce the labels dependency, various active learning strategies have been proposed, typically based on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Ismail Elezi , Zhiding Yu , Anima Anandkumar , Laura Leal-Taixe , Jose M. Alvarez

Inspired by the remarkable reasoning capabilities of Deepseek-R1 in complex textual tasks, many works attempt to incentivize similar capabilities in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) by directly applying reinforcement learning (RL).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Shuang Chen , Yue Guo , Zhaochen Su , Yafu Li , Yulun Wu , Jiacheng Chen , Jiayu Chen , Weijie Wang , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng

Continual learning is essential for adapting models to new tasks while retaining previously acquired knowledge. While existing approaches predominantly focus on uni-modal data, multi-modal learning offers substantial benefits by utilizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Evelyn Chee , Wynne Hsu , Mong Li Lee

Multimodal sentiment analysis aims to effectively integrate information from various sources to infer sentiment, where in many cases there are no annotations for unimodal labels. Therefore, most works rely on multimodal labels for training.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Sijie Mai , Yu Zhao , Ying Zeng , Jianhua Yao , Haifeng Hu

Labeling training datasets has become a key barrier to building medical machine learning models. One strategy is to generate training labels programmatically, for example by applying natural language processing pipelines to text reports…