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Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been shown to be effective in many scenarios. However, it typically requires the exploration of a sufficiently large number of state-action pairs, some of which may be unsafe. Consequently, its application to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-24 Yousef Emam , Gennaro Notomista , Paul Glotfelter , Zsolt Kira , Magnus Egerstedt

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising solution for autonomous vehicles to deal with complex and uncertain traffic environments. The RL training process is however expensive, unsafe, and time consuming. Algorithms are often developed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Kevin Voogd , Jean Pierre Allamaa , Javier Alonso-Mora , Tong Duy Son

Controllable text generation (CTG) seeks to craft texts adhering to specific attributes, traditionally employing learning-based techniques such as training, fine-tuning, or prefix-tuning with attribute-specific datasets. These approaches,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Zijian Feng , Hanzhang Zhou , Zixiao Zhu , Kezhi Mao

Safety remains a central obstacle preventing widespread use of RL in the real world: learning new tasks in uncertain environments requires extensive exploration, but safety requires limiting exploration. We propose Recovery RL, an algorithm…

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a sub-domain of machine learning, mainly concerned with solving sequential decision-making problems by a learning agent that interacts with the decision environment to improve its behavior through the reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Hossein Hassani , Ehsan Hallaji , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Mehrdad Saif , Liang Lin

In this paper, we develop safe reinforcement-learning-based controllers for systems tasked with accomplishing complex missions that can be expressed as linear temporal logic specifications, similar to those required by search-and-rescue…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-30 Aris Kanellopoulos , Filippos Fotiadis , Chuangchuang Sun , Zhe Xu , Kyriakos G. Vamvoudakis , Ufuk Topcu , Warren E. Dixon

Text classifiers are vulnerable to adversarial examples -- correctly-classified examples that are deliberately transformed to be misclassified while satisfying acceptability constraints. The conventional approach to finding adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Tom Roth , Inigo Jauregi Unanue , Alsharif Abuadbba , Massimo Piccardi

Ensuring that reinforcement learning (RL) controllers satisfy safety and reliability constraints in real-world settings remains challenging: state-avoidance and constrained Markov decision processes often fail to capture trajectory-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Alper Kamil Bozkurt , Calin Belta , Ming C. Lin

Understanding a Reinforcement Learning (RL) policy is crucial for ensuring that autonomous agents behave according to human expectations. This goal can be achieved using Explainable Reinforcement Learning (XRL) techniques. Although textual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ahmad Terra , Mohit Ahmed , Rafia Inam , Elena Fersman , Martin Törngren

Multimodalities provide promising performance than unimodality in most tasks. However, learning the semantic of the representations from multimodalities efficiently is extremely challenging. To tackle this, we propose the Transformer based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Wubo Li , Wei Zou , Xiangang Li

Consider a scenario in which we have a huge labeled dataset ${\cal D}$ and a limited time to train some given learner using ${\cal D}$. Since we may not be able to use the whole dataset, how should we proceed? Questions of this nature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Sergio Filho , Eduardo Laber , Pedro Lazera , Marco Molinaro

Advances in large language models (LLMs) are driving a shift toward using reinforcement learning (RL) to train agents from iterative, multi-turn interactions across tasks. However, multi-turn RL remains challenging as rewards are often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Aladin Djuhera , Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Farhan Ahmed , Syed Zawad , Heiko Ludwig , Holger Boche

Reinforcement learning is considered as a promising direction for driving policy learning. However, training autonomous driving vehicle with reinforcement learning in real environment involves non-affordable trial-and-error. It is more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-09-27 Xinlei Pan , Yurong You , Ziyan Wang , Cewu Lu

Reinforcement learning (RL) trains an agent from experiences interacting with the environment. In scenarios where online interactions are impractical, offline RL, which trains the agent using pre-collected datasets, has become popular.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Chen Gong , Kecen Li , Jin Yao , Tianhao Wang

This paper addresses the challenges of training end-to-end autonomous driving agents using Reinforcement Learning (RL). RL agents are typically trained in a fixed set of scenarios and nominal behavior of surrounding road users in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Ahmed Abouelazm , Tim Weinstein , Tim Joseph , Philip Schörner , J. Marius Zöllner

Being able to solve a task in diverse ways makes agents more robust to task variations and less prone to local optima. In this context, constrained diversity optimization has become a useful reinforcement learning (RL) framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Cornelius V. Braun , Sayantan Auddy , Marc Toussaint

Offline safe RL is of great practical relevance for deploying agents in real-world applications. However, acquiring constraint-satisfying policies from the fixed dataset is non-trivial for conventional approaches. Even worse, the learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Qin Zhang , Linrui Zhang , Haoran Xu , Li Shen , Bowen Wang , Yongzhe Chang , Xueqian Wang , Bo Yuan , Dacheng Tao

Explaining reinforcement learning agents is challenging because policies emerge from complex reward structures and neural representations that are difficult for humans to interpret. Existing approaches often rely on curated demonstrations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Sahar Admoni , Assaf Hallak , Yftah Ziser , Omer Ben-Porat , Ofra Amir

User alignment is crucial for adapting general-purpose language models (LMs) to downstream tasks, but human annotations are often not available for all types of instructions, especially those with customized constraints. We observe that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Fei Wang , Chao Shang , Sarthak Jain , Shuai Wang , Qiang Ning , Bonan Min , Vittorio Castelli , Yassine Benajiba , Dan Roth

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a widely employed machine learning architecture that has been applied to a variety of control problems. However, applications in safety-critical domains require a systematic and formal approach to specifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Hosein Hasanbeig , Daniel Kroening , Alessandro Abate