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In e-commerce ranking, implicit user feedback is systematically confounded by Position Bias -- the strong propensity of users to interact with top-ranked items regardless of relevance. While Deep Learning architectures (e.g., Two-Tower…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Vipul Dinesh Pawar

Despite the potential impact of explanations on decision making, there is a lack of research on quantifying their effect on users' choices. This paper presents an experimental protocol for measuring the degree to which positively or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Krisztian Balog , Filip Radlinski , Andrey Petrov

Exposure bias is a well-known issue in recommender systems where items and suppliers are not equally represented in the recommendation results. This bias becomes particularly problematic over time as a few items are repeatedly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Masoud Mansoury , Bamshad Mobasher , Herke van Hoof

Items popularity is a strong signal in recommendation algorithms. It strongly affects collaborative filtering approaches and it has been proven to be a very good baseline in terms of results accuracy. Even though we miss an actual…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Vito Walter Anelli , Tommaso Di Noia , Eugenio Di Sciascio , Azzurra Ragone , Joseph Trotta

Recommender systems usually amplify the biases in the data. The model learned from historical interactions with imbalanced item distribution will amplify the imbalance by over-recommending items from the major groups. Addressing this issue…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Imagine a food recommender system -- how would we check if it is \emph{causing} and fostering unhealthy eating habits or merely reflecting users' interests? How much of a user's experience over time with a recommender is caused by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Sirui Yao , Yoni Halpern , Nithum Thain , Xuezhi Wang , Kang Lee , Flavien Prost , Ed H. Chi , Jilin Chen , Alex Beutel

Ranking algorithms are deployed widely to order a set of items in applications such as search engines, news feeds, and recommendation systems. Recent studies, however, have shown that, left unchecked, the output of ranking algorithms can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-31 L. Elisa Celis , Damian Straszak , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

Recommender and search systems commonly rely on Learning To Rank models trained on logged user interactions to order items by predicted relevance. However, such interaction data is often subject to position bias, as users are more likely to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Aleksandr V. Petrov , Michael Murtagh , Karthik Nagesh

Ranking is a fundamental operation in information access systems, to filter information and direct user attention towards items deemed most relevant to them. Due to position bias, items of similar relevance may receive significantly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Giorgio Maria Di Nunzio , Alessandro Fabris , Gianmaria Silvello , Gian Antonio Susto

"Position bias" describes the tendency of users to interact with items on top of a list with higher probability than with items at a lower position in the list, regardless of the items' actual relevance. In the domain of recommender…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Andrew Collins , Dominika Tkaczyk , Akiko Aizawa , Joeran Beel

User interactions with recommender systems (RSs) are affected by user selection bias, e.g., users are more likely to rate popular items (popularity bias) or items that they expect to enjoy beforehand (positivity bias). Methods exist for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Jin Huang , Harrie Oosterhuis , Maarten de Rijke

Related Item Recommendations (RIRs) are ubiquitous in most online platforms today, including e-commerce and content streaming sites. These recommendations not only help users compare items related to a given item, but also play a major role…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Abhisek Dash , Abhijnan Chakraborty , Saptarshi Ghosh , Animesh Mukherjee , Krishna P. Gummadi

Recommender systems are promising ways to filter the overabundant information in modern society. Their algorithms help individuals to explore decent items, but it is unclear how they allocate popularity among items. In this paper, we…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-28 An Zeng , Chi Ho Yeung , Mingsheng Shang , Yi-Cheng Zhang

Recommender system based on historical user-item interactions is of vital importance for web-based services. However, the observed data used to train the recommender model suffers from severe bias issues. Practically, the item frequency…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yule Wang , Xin Xin , Yue Ding , Yunzhe Li , Dong Wang

Personalization is a crucial aspect of many online experiences. In particular, content ranking is often a key component in delivering sophisticated personalization results. Commonly, supervised learning-to-rank methods are applied, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Beyza Ermis , Patrick Ernst , Yannik Stein , Giovanni Zappella

Large-scale industrial recommendation models predict the most relevant items from catalogs containing millions or billions of options. To train these models efficiently, a small set of irrelevant items (negative samples) is selected from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Arushi Prakash , Dimitrios Bermperidis , Srivas Chennu

Most of the research in the recommender systems domain is focused on the optimization of the metrics based on historical data such as Mean Average Precision (MAP) or Recall. However, there is a gap between the research and industry since…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Michal Kompan , Peter Gaspar , Jakub Macina , Matus Cimerman , Maria Bielikova

The billboard advertisement has emerged as an effective out-of-home advertisement technique where the objective is to choose a limited number of slots to play some advertisement content (e.g., animation, video, etc.) with the hope that the…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Dildar Ali , Suman Banerjee , Yamuna Prasad

The strategy for selecting candidate sets -- the set of items that the recommendation system is expected to rank for each user -- is an important decision in carrying out an offline top-$N$ recommender system evaluation. The set of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Ngozi Ihemelandu , Michael D. Ekstrand

Online platforms mediate access to opportunity: relevance-based rankings create and constrain options by allocating exposure to job openings and job candidates in hiring platforms, or sellers in a marketplace. In order to do so responsibly,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Aparna Balagopalan , Abigail Z. Jacobs , Asia Biega