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Despite the advances in large language models (LLMs), how they use their knowledge for reasoning is not yet well understood. In this study, we propose a method that deconstructs complex real-world questions into a graph, representing each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Miyoung Ko , Sue Hyun Park , Joonsuk Park , Minjoon Seo

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate an impressive capacity to recall a vast range of factual knowledge. However, understanding their underlying reasoning and internal mechanisms in exploiting this knowledge remains a key research area.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Marco Bronzini , Carlo Nicolini , Bruno Lepri , Jacopo Staiano , Andrea Passerini

Natural Question Answering (QA) datasets play a crucial role in evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), ensuring their effectiveness in real-world applications. Despite the numerous QA datasets that have been developed…

In many applications of LLMs, natural language responses often have an underlying structure such as representing discrete labels, numerical values, or graphs. Yet, existing decoding and uncertainty estimation methods operate only in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Tim Tomov , Dominik Fuchsgruber , Stephan Günnemann

The opaque nature and unexplained behavior of transformer-based language models (LMs) have spurred a wide interest in interpreting their predictions. However, current interpretation methods mostly focus on probing models from outside,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Mor Geva , Avi Caciularu , Guy Dar , Paul Roit , Shoval Sadde , Micah Shlain , Bar Tamir , Yoav Goldberg

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various disciplines and tasks. However, benchmarking their capabilities with multilingual spoken queries remains largely unexplored. In this study, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Firoj Alam , Md Arid Hasan , Shammur Absar Chowdhury

Recently, to comprehensively improve Vision Language Models (VLMs) for Visual Question Answering (VQA), several methods have been proposed to further reinforce the inference capabilities of VLMs to independently tackle VQA tasks rather than…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Zeqing Wang , Wentao Wan , Qiqing Lao , Runmeng Chen , Minjie Lang , Xiao Wang , Keze Wang , Liang Lin

Mechanistic approaches to deception in large language models (LLMs) often rely on "lie detectors", that is, truth probes trained to identify internal representations of model outputs as false. The lie detector approach to LLM deception…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Tom-Felix Berger

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized the way that we interact with artificial intelligence systems through natural language. However, LLMs often misinterpret user queries because of their uncertain intention, leading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Jing-Cheng Pang , Heng-Bo Fan , Pengyuan Wang , Jia-Hao Xiao , Nan Tang , Si-Hang Yang , Chengxing Jia , Sheng-Jun Huang , Yang Yu

Recent interpretability methods have proposed to translate LLM internal representations into natural language descriptions using a second verbalizer LLM. This is intended to illuminate how the target model represents and operates on inputs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Millicent Li , Alberto Mario Ceballos Arroyo , Giordano Rogers , Naomi Saphra , Byron C. Wallace

Recognizing the imperative to address the reliability and transparency issues of Large Language Models (LLM), this work proposes an LLM maturity model tailored for text-to-query applications. This maturity model seeks to fill the existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Lei Yu , Abir Ray

The advancements of Large Language Models (LLMs) have decentralized the responsibility for the transparency of AI usage. Specifically, LLM users are now encouraged or required to disclose the use of LLM-generated content for varied types of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Zhiping Zhang , Chenxinran Shen , Bingsheng Yao , Dakuo Wang , Tianshi Li

Interpretability studies in language models often investigate forward-looking representations of activations. However, as language models become capable of doing ever longer time horizon tasks, methods for understanding activations often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Nicky Pochinkov , Yulia Volkova , Anna Vasileva , Sai V R Chereddy

Designing natural language interfaces has historically required collecting supervised data to translate user requests into carefully designed intent representations. This requires enumerating and labeling a long tail of user requests, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Harsh Jhamtani , Hao Fang , Patrick Xia , Eran Levy , Jacob Andreas , Ben Van Durme

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in reasoning, planning, and decision-making tasks, making their trustworthiness critical. A significant and underexplored risk is intentional deception, where an LLM deliberately fabricates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zhaomin Wu , Mingzhe Du , See-Kiong Ng , Bingsheng He

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities given chain-of-thought prompts (examples with intermediate reasoning steps). Existing benchmarks measure reasoning ability indirectly, by evaluating accuracy on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Abulhair Saparov , He He

Multilingual pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) are incredibly effective at Question Answering (QA), a core task in Natural Language Understanding, achieving high accuracies on several multilingual benchmarks. However, little is known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yahan Yang , Soham Dan , Dan Roth , Insup Lee

We propose a general framework called Text Modular Networks(TMNs) for building interpretable systems that learn to solve complex tasks by decomposing them into simpler ones solvable by existing models. To ensure solvability of simpler…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Tushar Khot , Daniel Khashabi , Kyle Richardson , Peter Clark , Ashish Sabharwal

This work presents a framework for assessing whether large language models (LLMs) encode more factual knowledge in their parameters than what they express in their outputs. While a few studies hint at this possibility, none has clearly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Zorik Gekhman , Eyal Ben David , Hadas Orgad , Eran Ofek , Yonatan Belinkov , Idan Szpektor , Jonathan Herzig , Roi Reichart

Table Question Answering (TQA) presents a substantial challenge at the intersection of natural language processing and data analytics. This task involves answering natural language (NL) questions on top of tabular data, demanding…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yunjia Zhang , Jordan Henkel , Avrilia Floratou , Joyce Cahoon , Shaleen Deep , Jignesh M. Patel