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We study the recovery of multivariate functions from reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces in the uniform norm. Our main interest is to obtain preasymptotic estimates for the corresponding sampling numbers. We obtain results in terms of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-29 Kateryna Pozharska , Tino Ullrich

This paper studies approximation by shallow ReLU$^s$ networks, $\sigma_s(t)=\max\{0,t\}^s$, together with their generalization behavior under $\ell_1$ path-norm control. For the $L^p$-type integral spaces…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-27 Weizhao Li , Fanghui Liu , Lei Shi

We study approximation by arbitrary linear combinations of $n$ translates of a single function of periodic functions. We construct some linear methods of this approximation for univariate functions in the class induced by the convolution…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-11-05 Dinh Dũng , Vu Nhat Huy

Multiplication layers are a key component in various influential neural network modules, including self-attention and hypernetwork layers. In this paper, we investigate the approximation capabilities of deep neural networks with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Ido Ben-Shaul , Tomer Galanti , Shai Dekel

This paper studies the approximation capacity of neural networks with an arbitrary activation function and with norm constraint on the weights. Upper and lower bounds on the approximation error of these networks are computed for smooth…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Francesco Paolo Maiale , Anastasiia Trofimova , Arturo De Marinis

We derive fundamental lower bounds on the connectivity and the memory requirements of deep neural networks guaranteeing uniform approximation rates for arbitrary function classes in $L^2(\mathbb R^d)$. In other words, we establish a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-17 Helmut Bölcskei , Philipp Grohs , Gitta Kutyniok , Philipp Petersen

We explore the approximation capabilities of Transformer networks for H\"older and Sobolev functions, and apply these results to address nonparametric regression estimation with dependent observations. First, we establish novel upper bounds…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-17 Yuling Jiao , Yanming Lai , Defeng Sun , Yang Wang , Bokai Yan

We investigate properties of neural networks that use both ReLU and $x^2$ as activation functions and build upon previous results to show that both analytic functions and functions in Sobolev spaces can be approximated by such networks of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Vincent P. H. Goverse , Jad Hamdan , Jared Tanner

We study approximation by arbitrary linear combinations of $n$ translates of a single function of periodic functions. We construct some methods of this approximation for functions in a class induced by the convolution with a given function,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-03-01 Dinh Dũng , Charles A. Micchelli , Vu Nhat Huy

A new representation is proposed for functions in a Sobolev space with dominating mixed smoothness on an $N$-dimensional hyperrectangle. In particular, it is shown that these functions can be expressed in terms of their highest-order mixed…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-30 Declan S. Jagt , Matthew M. Peet

We study the fundamental limits to the expressive power of neural networks. Given two sets $F$, $G$ of real-valued functions, we first prove a general lower bound on how well functions in $F$ can be approximated in $L^p(\mu)$ norm by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-21 El Mehdi Achour , Armand Foucault , Sébastien Gerchinovitz , François Malgouyres

In this paper we prove that if a multivariate function of a certain smoothness class is represented by a sum of $k$ arbitrarily behaved ridge functions, then it can be represented by a sum of $k$ ridge functions of the same smoothness class…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2020-04-28 Rashid Aliev , Vugar Ismailov

In this paper, we introduce a method known as polynomial frame approximation for approximating smooth, multivariate functions defined on irregular domains in $d$ dimensions, where $d$ can be arbitrary. This method is simple, and relies only…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-05-27 Ben Adcock , Daan Huybrechs

We address the structure identification and the uniform approximation of sums of ridge functions $f(x)=\sum_{i=1}^m g_i(a_i\cdot x)$ on ${\mathbb R}^d$, representing a general form of a shallow feed-forward neural network, from a small…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-07 Massimo Fornasier , Jan Vybíral , Ingrid Daubechies

We study the expressive power of deep ReLU neural networks for approximating functions in dilated shift-invariant spaces, which are widely used in signal processing, image processing, communications and so on. Approximation error bounds are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Yunfei Yang , Zhen Li , Yang Wang

In this article, we study approximation properties of the variation spaces corresponding to shallow neural networks with a variety of activation functions. We introduce two main tools for estimating the metric entropy, approximation rates,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-26 Jonathan W. Siegel , Jinchao Xu

This paper presents two main theoretical results concerning shallow neural networks with ReLU$^k$ activation functions. We establish a novel integral representation for Sobolev spaces, showing that every function in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Xinliang Liu , Tong Mao , Jinchao Xu

The manifold hypothesis says that natural high-dimensional data lie on or around a low-dimensional manifold. The recent success of statistical and learning-based methods in very high dimensions empirically supports this hypothesis,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Hong Ye Tan , Subhadip Mukherjee , Junqi Tang , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

This paper examines the $L_p$ and $W^1_p$ norm approximation errors of ReLU neural networks for Korobov functions. In terms of network width and depth, we derive nearly optimal super-approximation error bounds of order $2m$ in the $L_p$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yuwen Li , Guozhi Zhang

Fixed a continuous kernel K on the $d$-dimensional torus, we consider a generalization of the univariate $sk$-spline to the torus, associated with the kernel K. It is proved an estimate which provides the rate of convergence of a given…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-04-10 Juliana Gaiba Oliveira , Sergio Antonio Tozoni