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Related papers: Adaptive Phase 2/3 Design with Dose Optimization

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We study how to efficiently estimate average treatment effects (ATEs) using adaptive experiments. In adaptive experiments, experimenters sequentially assign treatments to experimental units while updating treatment assignment probabilities…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-21 Masahiro Kato , Takuya Ishihara , Junya Honda , Yusuke Narita

Indolent cancers are characterized by long overall survival (OS) times. Therefore, powering a clinical trial to provide definitive assessment of the effects of an experimental intervention on OS in a reasonable timeframe is generally…

Chemotherapy is one of the primary modalities of cancer treatment. Chemotherapy drug administration is a complex problem that often requires expensive clinical trials to evaluate potential regimens. One way to alleviate this burden and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-04 Temitayo Ajayi , Seyedmohammadhossein Hosseinian , Andrew J. Schaefer , Clifton D. Fuller

An important issue for many economic experiments is how the experimenter can ensure sufficient power for rejecting one or more hypotheses. Here, we apply methods developed mainly within the area of clinical trials for testing multiple…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-06 Sebastian Jobjörnsson , Henning Schaak , Oliver Mußhoff , Tim Friede

Traditional phase I dose finding cancer clinical trial designs aim to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the investigational cytotoxic agent based on a single toxicity outcome, assuming a monotone dose-response relationship.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-14 Hao Sun , Hsin-Yu Lin , Jieqi Tu , Revathi Ananthakrishnan , Eunhee Kim

In this paper, we address the challenging problem of optimal experimental design (OED) of constrained inverse problems. We consider two OED formulations that allow reducing the experimental costs by minimizing the number of measurements.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-08-17 Lars Ruthotto , Julianne Chung , Matthias Chung

Maximizing statistical power in experimental design often involves imbalanced treatment allocation, but several challenges hinder its practical adoption: (1) the misconception that equal allocation always maximizes power, (2) when only…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-17 Stef Baas , Lukas Pin , Sofía S. Villar , William F. Rosenberger

In small sample studies with binary outcome data, use of a normal approximation for hypothesis testing can lead to substantial inflation of the type-I error-rate. Consequently, exact statistical methods are necessitated, and accordingly,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-29 Michael Grayling , Adrian Mander , James Wason

The double hypothesis test (DHT) is a test that allows controlling Type I (producer) and Type II (consumer) errors. It is possible to say whether the batch has a defect rate, p, between 1.5 and 2%, or between 2 and 5%, or between 5 and 10%,…

Adaptive designs are increasingly used in clinical trials and online experiments to improve participant outcomes by dynamically updating treatment allocation as data accumulate. In practice, experimenters often consider multiple candidate…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-08 Wenxin Zhang , Aaron Hudson , Maya Petersen , Mark van der Laan

Conventional inverse optimization inputs a solution and finds the parameters of an optimization model that render a given solution optimal. The literature mostly focuses on inferring the objective function in linear problems when accepted…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-10 Houra Mahmoudzadeh , Kimia Ghobadi

Identification of optimal dose combinations in early phase dose-finding trials is challenging, due to the trade-off between precisely estimating the many parameters required to flexibly model the possibly non-monotonic dose-response…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-13 James Willard , Shirin Golchi , Erica E. M. Moodie , Bruno Boulanger , Bradley P. Carlin

Dose-finding studies are frequently conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses or concentration levels of a compound on a response of interest. Applications include the investigation of a new medicinal drug, a herbicide or…

Applications · Statistics 2011-08-01 Björn Bornkamp , Frank Bretz , Holger Dette , José Pinheiro

Biomarker-guided designs are increasingly used to evaluate personalized treatments based on patients' biomarker status in Phase II and III clinical trials. With adaptive enrichment, these designs can improve the efficiency of evaluating the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-11 Kaiyuan Hua , Hwanhee Hong , Xiaofei Wang

Two-phase outcome dependent sampling (ODS) is widely used in many fields, especially when certain covariates are expensive and/or difficult to measure. For two-phase ODS, the conditional maximum likelihood (CML) method is very attractive…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-21 Menglu Che , Peisong Han , Jerald F. Lawless

Dose-finding trials for oncology studies are traditionally designed to assess safety in the early stages of drug development. With the rise of molecularly targeted therapies and immuno-oncology compounds, biomarker-driven approaches have…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-15 Xijin Chen , Pavel Mozgunov , Richard D. Baird , Thomas Jaki

In oncology, phase II studies are crucial for clinical development plans as such studies identify potent agents with sufficient activity to continue development in the subsequent phase III trials. Traditionally, phase II studies are…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-08 Takuya Yoshimoto , Satoru Shinoda , Kouji Yamamoto , Kouji Tahata

The keyboard design is a novel phase I dose-finding method that is simple and has good operating characteristics. This paper studies theoretical properties of the keyboard design, including the optimality of its decision rules, coherence in…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-20 Haitao Pan , Ruitao Lin , Ying Yuan

Replication studies are increasingly conducted to assess the credibility of scientific findings. Most of these replication attempts target studies with a superiority design, but there is a lack of methodology regarding the analysis of…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-13 Charlotte Micheloud , Leonhard Held

Although optimal control theory has been used for the theoretical study of anti-cancerous drugs scheduling optimization, with the aim of reducing the primary tumor volume, the effect on metastases is often ignored. Here, we use a previously…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2013-06-21 Sebastien Benzekry , Philip Hahnfeldt