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Indirect prompt injection attacks (IPIAs), where large language models (LLMs) follow malicious instructions hidden in input data, pose a critical threat to LLM-powered agents. In this paper, we present IntentGuard, a general defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mintong Kang , Chong Xiang , Sanjay Kariyappa , Chaowei Xiao , Bo Li , Edward Suh

The recent development of Agentic AI systems, empowered by autonomous large language models (LLMs) agents with planning and tool-usage capabilities, enables new possibilities for the evolution of industrial automation and reduces the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Marcos Lima Romero , Ricardo Suyama

Conversational systems are of primary interest in the AI community. Chatbots are increasingly being deployed to provide round-the-clock support and to increase customer engagement. Many of the commercial bot building frameworks follow a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Ajay Chatterjee , Shubhashis Sengupta

Discovering new intents is of great significance to establishing Bootstrapped Task-Oriented Dialogue System. Most existing methods either lack the ability to transfer prior knowledge in the known intent data or fall into the dilemma of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Yunhua Zhou , Peiju Liu , Yuxin Wang , Xipeng QIu

Large language models (LLMs), inspired by neuroscience, exhibit behaviors that often evoke a sense of personality and intelligence-yet the mechanisms behind these effects remain elusive. Here, we operationalize Conceptual Blending Theory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Makoto Sato

Amnesic probing is a technique used to examine the influence of specific linguistic information on the behaviour of a model. This involves identifying and removing the relevant information and then assessing whether the model's performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Alicja Dobrzeniecka , Antske Fokkens , Pia Sommerauer

Understanding people's social interactions in complex real-world scenarios often relies on intricate mental reasoning. To truly understand how and why people interact with one another, we must infer the underlying mental states that give…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Haojun Shi , Suyu Ye , Xinyu Fang , Chuanyang Jin , Leyla Isik , Yen-Ling Kuo , Tianmin Shu

As large language models (LLMs) grow more capable, concerns about their safe deployment have also grown. Although alignment mechanisms have been introduced to deter misuse, they remain vulnerable to carefully designed adversarial prompts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xinbo Wu , Abhishek Umrawal , Lav R. Varshney

This paper proposes an intent-aware multi-agent planning framework as well as a learning algorithm. Under this framework, an agent plans in the goal space to maximize the expected utility. The planning process takes the belief of other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-07 Siyuan Qi , Song-Chun Zhu

Recognizing customer intent accurately with language models based on customer-agent conversational data is essential in today's digital customer service marketplace, but it is often hindered by the lack of sufficient labeled data. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Hengyu Luo , Peng Liu , Stefan Esping

Prompt engineering is an iterative procedure often requiring extensive manual effort to formulate suitable instructions for effectively directing large language models (LLMs) in specific tasks. Incorporating few-shot examples is a vital and…

When intelligent agents communicate to accomplish shared goals, how do these goals shape the agents' language? We study the dynamics of learning in latent language policies (LLPs), in which instructor agents generate natural-language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Athul Paul Jacob , Mike Lewis , Jacob Andreas

Implicit Sentiment Analysis (ISA) aims to infer sentiment that is implied rather than explicitly stated, requiring models to perform deeper reasoning over subtle contextual cues. While recent prompting-based methods using Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Jing Ren , Wenhao Zhou , Bowen Li , Mujie Liu , Nguyen Linh Dan Le , Jiade Cen , Liping Chen , Ziqi Xu , Xiwei Xu , Xiaodong Li

While natural language is the de facto communication medium for LLM-based agents, it presents a fundamental constraint. The process of downsampling rich, internal latent states into discrete tokens inherently limits the depth and nuance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zhuoyun Du , Runze Wang , Huiyu Bai , Zouying Cao , Xiaoyong Zhu , Yu Cheng , Bo Zheng , Wei Chen , Haochao Ying

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in Natural Language Processing (NLP), especially in domains where labeled data is scarce or expensive, such as clinical domain. However, to unlock the clinical knowledge hidden…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Sonish Sivarajkumar , Mark Kelley , Alyssa Samolyk-Mazzanti , Shyam Visweswaran , Yanshan Wang

Offensive language such as hate, abuse, and profanity (HAP) occurs in various content on the web. While previous work has mostly dealt with sentence level annotations, there have been a few recent attempts to identify offensive spans as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Christoph Tillmann , Aashka Trivedi , Sara Rosenthal , Santosh Borse , Rong Zhang , Avirup Sil , Bishwaranjan Bhattacharjee

Recent progress on large language models (LLMs) has enabled dialogue agents to generate highly naturalistic and plausible text. However, current LLM language generation focuses on responding accurately to questions and requests with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Joey Hong , Jessica Lin , Anca Dragan , Sergey Levine

Current language model-driven agents often lack mechanisms for effective user participation, which is crucial given the vagueness commonly found in user instructions. Although adept at devising strategies and performing tasks, these agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Cheng Qian , Bingxiang He , Zhong Zhuang , Jia Deng , Yujia Qin , Xin Cong , Zhong Zhang , Jie Zhou , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Efficient task planning is essential for productivity and mental well-being, yet individuals often struggle to create realistic plans and reflect upon their productivity. Leveraging the advancement in artificial intelligence (AI),…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Adnan Abbas , Sang Won Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in natural language understanding and generation tasks. However, they often suffer from limitations such as difficulty in incorporating new knowledge, generating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Yilin Wen , Zifeng Wang , Jimeng Sun