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Long-context language models (LCLMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities in long-context understanding tasks. Among these, long-context referencing -- a crucial task that requires LCLMs to attribute items of interest to specific parts of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Junjie Wu , Gefei Gu , Yanan Zheng , Dit-Yan Yeung , Arman Cohan

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit positional bias in long-context settings, under-attending to information in the middle of inputs. We investigate the presence of this bias in long-form summarization, its impact on faithfulness,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 David Wan , Jesse Vig , Mohit Bansal , Shafiq Joty

Large language models (LLMs), despite their impressive performance in various language tasks, are typically limited to processing texts within context-window size. This limitation has spurred significant research efforts to enhance LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jiaqi Li , Mengmeng Wang , Zilong Zheng , Muhan Zhang

Summarizing software artifacts is an important task that has been thoroughly researched. For evaluating software summarization approaches, human judgment is still the most trusted evaluation. However, it is time-consuming and fatiguing for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Abhishek Kumar , Sonia Haiduc , Partha Pratim Das , Partha Pratim Chakrabarti

Recent studies have used both automatic metrics and human evaluations to assess the simplification abilities of LLMs. However, the suitability of existing evaluation methodologies for LLMs remains in question. First, the suitability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Xuanxin Wu , Yuki Arase

Large language models (LLMs) have been well-researched in various long-context tasks. However, the scarcity of long-context summarization datasets hinders progress in this area. To address this, we introduce CNNSum, a multi-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Lingxiao Wei , He Yan , Xiangju Lu , Junmin Zhu , Jun Wang , Wei Zhang

Recent advances in audio-language models have demonstrated remarkable success on short, segment-level speech tasks. However, real-world applications such as meeting transcription, spoken document understanding, and conversational analysis…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling long texts and have almost perfect performance in traditional retrieval tasks. However, their performance significantly degrades when it comes to numerical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Yijiong Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well on standard reasoning and question-answering benchmarks, yet such evaluations often fail to capture their ability to handle long-tail, expertise-intensive knowledge in real-world professional…

Today's large language models (LLMs) typically train on short text segments (e.g., <4K tokens) due to the quadratic complexity of their Transformer architectures. As a result, their performance suffers drastically on inputs longer than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Chi Han , Qifan Wang , Hao Peng , Wenhan Xiong , Yu Chen , Heng Ji , Sinong Wang

Long-Form Question Answering (LFQA) involves generating comprehensive, paragraph-level responses to open-ended questions, which poses a significant challenge for evaluation due to the richness of information and flexible response format.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuchen Fan , Chen Lin , Xin Zhong , Shuo Zhang , Heng Zhou , Yuchen Zhang , Mingyu Liang , Chengxing Xie , Ermo Hua , Gang Chen , Zhizhou He , Cheng Huang , Ning Ding , Bowen Zhou

Understanding documents with rich layouts and multi-modal components is a long-standing and practical task. Recent Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have made remarkable strides in various tasks, particularly in single-page document…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Yubo Ma , Yuhang Zang , Liangyu Chen , Meiqi Chen , Yizhu Jiao , Xinze Li , Xinyuan Lu , Ziyu Liu , Yan Ma , Xiaoyi Dong , Pan Zhang , Liangming Pan , Yu-Gang Jiang , Jiaqi Wang , Yixin Cao , Aixin Sun

The long-context capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have been a hot topic in recent years. To evaluate the performance of LLMs in different scenarios, various assessment benchmarks have emerged. However, as most of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shawn Gavin , Tuney Zheng , Jiaheng Liu , Quehry Que , Noah Wang , Jian Yang , Chenchen Zhang , Wenhao Huang , Ge Zhang

Automatic text summarization has been widely studied as an important task in natural language processing. Traditionally, various feature engineering and machine learning based systems have been proposed for extractive as well as abstractive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Sayar Ghosh Roy , Nikhil Pinnaparaju , Risubh Jain , Manish Gupta , Vasudeva Varma

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in summary evaluation tasks, yet they face challenges such as high computational costs and the Lost-in-the-Middle problem where important information in the middle of long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Yunshu Wu , Hayate Iso , Pouya Pezeshkpour , Nikita Bhutani , Estevam Hruschka

Extractive summarization plays a pivotal role in natural language processing due to its wide-range applications in summarizing diverse content efficiently, while also being faithful to the original content. Despite significant advancement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Mihir Parmar , Hanieh Deilamsalehy , Franck Dernoncourt , Seunghyun Yoon , Ryan A. Rossi , Trung Bui

Existing frameworks for evaluating long-context language models (LCLM) can be broadly categorized into real-world applications (e.g, document summarization) and synthetic tasks (e.g, needle-in-a-haystack). Despite their utility, both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yijun Yang , Zeyu Huang , Wenhao Zhu , Zihan Qiu , Fei Yuan , Jeff Z. Pan , Ivan Titov

Question-answering (QA) is a significant application of Large Language Models (LLMs), shaping chatbot capabilities across healthcare, education, and customer service. However, widespread LLM integration presents a challenge for small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Md Adnan Arefeen , Biplob Debnath , Srimat Chakradhar

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for automatic summarization but the reasons behind their successes are poorly understood. By conducting a human evaluation on ten LLMs across different pretraining methods, prompts, and model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Tianyi Zhang , Faisal Ladhak , Esin Durmus , Percy Liang , Kathleen McKeown , Tatsunori B. Hashimoto

We study reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning of large language model (LLM) agents for long-horizon multi-turn tool use, where context length quickly becomes a fundamental bottleneck. Existing RL pipelines can suffer from degraded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Miao Lu , Weiwei Sun , Weihua Du , Zhan Ling , Xuesong Yao , Kang Liu , Jiecao Chen