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The extremes of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) variability offer valuable new insights into the drivers and physics of AGN. We discuss some of the most extreme cases of AGN variability; the highest amplitudes, deep minima states, extreme…

The study of X-ray time-lag spectra in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is currently an active research area, since it has the potential to illuminate the physics and geometry of the innermost region (i.e. close to the putative super-massive…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-29 A. Epitropakis , I. E. Papadakis

A long-standing question is whether active galactic nuclei (AGN) vary like Galactic black hole systems when appropriately scaled up by mass (refs 1-3). If so, we can then determine how AGN should behave on cosmological timescales by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-05 I M McHardy , E Koerding , C Knigge , P Uttley , R P Fender

Here we investigate light curves of the continuum and emission lines of five type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGN) from our monitoring campaign, to test time-evolution of their time delays.Using both modeled and observed AGN light curves we…

We present a numerical framework for the variability of active galactic nuclei (AGN), which links the variability of AGN over a broad range of timescales and luminosities to the observed properties of the AGN population as a whole, and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-10-09 Lia F. Sartori , Benny Trakhtenbrot , Kevin Schawinski , Neven Caplar , Ezequiel Treister , Ce Zhang

In this paper, standard accretion disk models of AGNs are tested using light curves of 26 objects well observed for reverberation mapping. Time scales of variations are estimated by the most common definition of the variability time scale…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-01-10 H. T. Liu , J. M. Bai , X. H. Zhao , L. Ma

We test the consistency of active galactic nuclei (AGN) optical flux variability with the $\textit{damped random walk}$ (DRW) model. Our sample consists of 20 multi-quarter $\textit{Kepler}$ AGN light curves including both Type 1 and 2…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-07-03 Vishal P. Kasliwal , Michael S. Vogeley , Gordon T. Richards

We have used photometry from the Kepler satellite to characterize the variability of four radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) on timescales from years to minutes. The Kepler satellite produced nearly continuous high precision data sets…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-01-27 Mitchell Revalski , Dawid Nowak , Paul J. Wiita , Ann E. Wehrle , Stephen C. Unwin

We use data from a recent long ASCA observation of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Ark 564 to investigate in detail its timing properties. We show that a thorough analysis of the time series, employing techniques not generally applied to AGN…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Gliozzi , W. Brinkmann , C. Raeth , I. E. Papadakis , H. Negoro , H. Scheingraber

X-ray observations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) show variability on timescales ranging from a few hours up to a few days. Some of this variability may be associated with occultation events by clouds in the broad line region. In this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-08-08 E. S. Kammoun , F. Marin , M. Dovciak , E. Nardini , G. Risaliti , M. Sanfrutos

Most of the variability studies of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are based on ensemble analyses. Nevertheless, it is interesting to provide estimates of the individual variability properties of each AGN, in order to relate them with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-11-17 M. Laurenti , F. Vagnetti , R. Middei , M. Paolillo

The active galactic nuclei (AGN) are among the most powerful sources with an inherent, pronounced and random variation of brightness. The randomness of their time series is so subtle as to blur the border between aperiodic fluctuations and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-07-02 Andjelka B Kovacevic , Luka C. Popovic , Dragana Ilic

Among the most extreme objects in the Universe, active galactic nuclei (AGN) are luminous centers of galaxies where a black hole feeds on surrounding matter. The variability patterns of the light emitted by an AGN contain information about…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-22 Ji Won Park , Ashley Villar , Yin Li , Yan-Fei Jiang , Shirley Ho , Joshua Yao-Yu Lin , Philip J. Marshall , Aaron Roodman

We are conducting an archival Swift program to measure multiwavelength variability in active galactic nuclei (AGN). This variability information will provide constraints on the geometry, physical conditions and processes of the structures…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-21 Jonathan Gelbord , Caryl Gronwall , Dirk Grupe , Dan Vanden Berk , Jian Wu

Variability of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) has long been servicing as an essential avenue of exploring the accretion physics of black hole (BH). There are two commonly used methods for analyzing AGN variability. First, the AGN…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-07-04 Zhen-Bo Su , Zhen-Yi Cai , Mouyuan Sun , Hengxiao Guo , Wei-Min Gu , Jun-Xian Wang

We present a test of the emission statistics of active galactic nuclei (AGN), probing the connection between red-noise temporal power spectra and multi-modal flux distributions known from observations. We simulate AGN lightcurves under the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-11 Jong-Ho Park , Sascha Trippe

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) exhibit complex variability across multiple wavelengths, reflecting diverse physical processes near their central engines. This work investigates the temporal variability of four AGNs Mrk~509, NGC~5548,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-12 R. A. A. Souza , E. Hatziminaoglou , A. de Pádua Santos , T. Stosic

Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are believed to be powered by accretion of matter onto a supermassive black hole. A fundamental ingredient in shaping our understanding of AGN is their variability across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-08 Maurizio Paolillo , Iossif Papadakis

The nature of the obscuring material in active galactic nuclei (AGN) can be studied by measuring changes in the line-of-sight column density, $N_{\rm H,los}$, over time. This can be accomplished by monitoring AGN over long periods of time…

We conduct an analysis of over 60,000 dwarf galaxies (7<=log(M_*/M_\odot)<=10) in search of photometric variability indicative of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Using data from the Young Supernova Experiment (YSE), a time domain survey on…