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Boosting nonlinear frequency conversion in extremely confined volumes remains a key challenge in nano-optics, nanomedicine, photocatalysis, and background-free biosensing. To this aim, field enhancements in plasmonic nanostructures are…

High harmonic generation (HHG) is a powerful probe of electron dynamics on attosecond to femtosecond timescales and has been successfully used to detect electronic and structural changes in solid-state quantum materials, including…

Electrical tuning of second-order nonlinearity in optical materials is attractive to strengthen and expand the functionalities of nonlinear optical technologies, though its implementation remains elusive. Here, we report the electrically…

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) have shown promise for various applications in optoelectronics and so-called valleytronics. Their operation and performance strongly depend on the stacking of individual layers. Here,…

In the currently accepted models of the nonlinear optics, the nonlinear radiation was treated as the result of an infinitesimally thin polarization sheet layer, and a three layer model was generally employed. The direct consequence of this…

Two-dimensional (2D) materials serve as exceptional platforms for controlled second harmonic generation (SHG), an important nonlinear optical phenomenon with diverse applications. Current approaches to SHG control often depend on…

The relationship between magnetic order and the second harmonic generation (SHG) effect is a fundamental area of study in condensed matter physics with significant practical implications. In order to gain a clearer understanding of this…

Stacked atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit fundamentally new physical properties compared to those of the individual layers. The twist angle between the layers plays a crucial role in tuning these properties.…

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a well-known nonlinear spectroscopy method to probe electronic structure, specifically, in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers. This work investigates the nonlinear dynamics of a strongly…

Nonlinear optical phenomena in nanostructured materials have been challenging our perceptions of nonlinear optical processes that have been explored since the invention of lasers. For example, the ability to control optical field…

State-of-the-art experiments employ strong ultrafast optical fields to study the nonlinear response of electrons in solids on an attosecond time-scale. Notably, a recent experiment retrieved a 3rd order nonlinear susceptibility by comparing…

Structural engineering techniques such as local strain engineering and folding provide functional control over critical optoelectronic properties of 2D materials. Accurate monitoring of local strain vector (both strain amplitude and…

Extended defects with one dimensionality smaller than that of the host, such as 2D grain boundaries in 3D materials or 1D grain boundaries in 2D materials, can be particularly damaging since they directly impede the transport of charge,…

Plasmonic enhancement of nonlinear optical processes confront severe limitations arising from the strong dispersion of metal susceptibilities and small interaction volumes that hamper desirable phase-matching-like conditions. Maximizing…

We use ultrafast laser pulses to experimentally demonstrate that the second-order optical response of bulk single crystals of the topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$ is sensitive to its surface electrons. By performing surface doping…

Second harmonic optical coherence tomography, which uses coherence gating of second-order nonlinear optical response of biological tissues for imaging, is described and demonstrated. Femtosecond laser pulses were used to excite second…

Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) of single-layer monochalcogenides, such as GaSe and InSe, has been recently reported [2D Mater. 5 (2018) 025019; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 79947997] to be extremely strong with respect to bulk and…

Topological photonics enables robust light manipulation with third-order optical nonlinearity, yet integrating second-order optical nonlinearity into a topological system faces fundamental challenges: frequency-dependent topological…

We present a method, based on noncollinear second harmonic generation, to evaluate the non-zero elements of the nonlinear optical susceptibility. At a fixed incidence angle, the generated signal is investigated by varying the polarization…

Second-order nonlinear optical response allows to detect different properties of the system associated with the inversion symmetry breaking. Here, we use a second harmonic generation effect to investigate the alignment of a…