Related papers: EM-Net: Gaze Estimation with Expectation Maximizat…

Expectation Maximization (EM) is among the most popular algorithms for estimating parameters of statistical models. However, EM, which is an iterative algorithm based on the maximum likelihood principle, is generally only guaranteed to find…

Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a widely used iterative algorithm for computing maximum likelihood estimate when dealing with Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). When the sample size is smaller than the data dimension, this could lead…

Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest to interpret gaze direction in an unconstrained environment with limited supervision. Owing to data curation and annotation issues, replicating gaze estimation method to other…

Training deep generative models with maximum likelihood remains a challenge. The typical workaround is to use variational inference (VI) and maximize a lower bound to the log marginal likelihood of the data. Variational auto-encoders (VAEs)…

Automatic eye gaze estimation has interested researchers for a while now. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised learning based method for estimating the eye gaze region. To train the proposed network "Ize-Net" in self-supervised manner,…

Human gaze provides valuable information on human focus and intentions, making it a crucial area of research. Recently, deep learning has revolutionized appearance-based gaze estimation. However, due to the unique features of gaze…

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a fundamental tool in unsupervised machine learning. It is often used as an efficient way to solve Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation problems, especially for models with latent variables. It…

Automatic eye gaze estimation is an important problem in vision based assistive technology with use cases in different emerging topics such as augmented reality, virtual reality and human-computer interaction. Over the past few years, there…

Gaze estimation is of great importance to many scientific fields and daily applications, ranging from fundamental research in cognitive psychology to attention-aware mobile systems. While recent advancements in deep learning have yielded…

Although recent gaze estimation methods lay great emphasis on attentively extracting gaze-relevant features from facial or eye images, how to define features that include gaze-relevant components has been ambiguous. This obscurity makes the…

Integrating model-based machine learning methods into deep neural architectures allows one to leverage both the expressive power of deep neural nets and the ability of model-based methods to incorporate domain-specific knowledge. In…

The expectation--maximization (EM) algorithm combines global monotonicity, local linear convergence, and strong practical robustness, but these features are usually analyzed separately. Global descent is nonlinear, whereas local convergence…

Overparametrized Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) often achieve astounding performances, but may potentially result in severe generalization error. Recently, the relation between the sharpness of the loss landscape and the generalization error…

Mixtures-of-Experts models and their maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) via the EM algorithm have been thoroughly studied in the statistics and machine learning literature. They are subject of a growing investigation in the context of…

Discrepancies in decision-making between Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) and human drivers underscore the need for intuitive human gaze predictors to bridge this gap, thereby improving user trust and experience. Existing gaze datasets,…

Using lightweight models as backbone networks in gaze estimation tasks often results in significant performance degradation. The main reason is that the number of feature channels in lightweight networks is usually small, which makes the…

We develop in this paper a framework of empirical gain maximization (EGM) to address the robust regression problem where heavy-tailed noise or outliers may present in the response variable. The idea of EGM is to approximate the density…

Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a widely used iterative algorithm for computing (local) maximum likelihood estimate (MLE). It can be used in an extensive range of problems, including the clustering of data based on the Gaussian…

Human eye gaze estimation is an important cognitive ingredient for successful human-robot interaction, enabling the robot to read and predict human behavior. We approach this problem using artificial neural networks and build a modular…

The increased availability and accuracy of eye-gaze tracking technology has sparked attention-related research in psychology, neuroscience, and, more recently, computer vision and artificial intelligence. The attention mechanism in…