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Large reasoning models such as DeepSeek-R1 and their distilled variants achieve strong performance on complex reasoning tasks. Yet, distilling these models often demands large-scale data for supervised fine-tuning (SFT), motivating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Lechen Zhang , Yunxiang Zhang , Wei Hu , Lu Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in document understanding. However, their reasoning processes remain largely black-box, making it difficult to ensure reliability and trustworthiness,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Wenwen Yu , Zhibo Yang , Yuliang Liu , Xiang Bai

Machine writing with large language models often relies on retrieval-augmented generation. However, these approaches remain confined within the boundaries of the model's predefined scope, limiting the generation of content with rich…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Zekun Xi , Wenbiao Yin , Jizhan Fang , Jialong Wu , Runnan Fang , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have witnessed remarkable advancements, with the test-time scaling law consistently enhancing the reasoning capabilities. Through systematic evaluation and exploration of a diverse spectrum of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Chenyang Shao , Sijian Ren , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Recent advances in image reasoning methods, particularly "Thinking with Images", have demonstrated remarkable success in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs); however, this dynamic reasoning paradigm has not yet been extended to video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shijian Wang , Jiarui Jin , Xingjian Wang , Linxin Song , Runhao Fu , Hecheng Wang , Zongyuan Ge , Yuan Lu , Xuelian Cheng

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards have pushed the boundaries of the visual reasoning capabilities in large vision-language models (LVLMs). However, training LVLMs with reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zilin Xiao , Jaywon Koo , Siru Ouyang , Jefferson Hernandez , Yu Meng , Vicente Ordonez

Reasoning models think out loud, but much of what they say is noise. We introduce CRISP (Compressed Reasoning via Iterative Self-Policy Distillation), a method that teaches models to reason more concisely by distilling their own concise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hejian Sang , Yuanda Xu , Zhengze Zhou , Ran He , Zhipeng Wang , Jiachen Sun

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged with remarkable capabilities in complex tasks through Chain-of-Thought reasoning, practical resource constraints have sparked interest in transferring these abilities to smaller models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jin Cui , Jiaqi Guo , Jiepeng Zhou , Ruixuan Yang , Jiayi Lu , Jiajun Xu , Jiangcheng Song , Boran Zhao , Pengju Ren

Reasoning over temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) is fundamental to improving the efficiency and reliability of intelligent decision-making systems and has become a key technological foundation for future artificial intelligence applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Wang Xing , Wei Song , Siyu Lin , Chen Wu , Zhesi Li , Man Wang

Complex Reasoning in Large Language Models can be dynamically optimized using Test-Time Scaling (TTS) to mitigate Overthinking. Methods such as Coconut, SoftCoT and its variant are effective in continuous latent space inference, the core…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Jiaqi Wang , Binquan Ji , Haibo Luo , Yiyang Qi , Ruiting Li , Huiyan Wang , Yuantao Han , Cangyi Yang , jiaxu Zhang , Feiliang Ren

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) faces considerable challenges concerning resource constraints and inference efficiency. Recent research has increasingly focused on smaller, task-specific models enhanced by distilling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Wei Wang , Zhaowei Li , Qi Xu , Yiqing Cai , Hang Song , Qi Qi , Ran Zhou , Zhida Huang , Tao Wang , Li Xiao

Human reasoning can distill principles from observed patterns and generalize them to explain and solve novel problems. The most powerful artificial intelligence systems lack explainability and symbolic reasoning ability, and have therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Paul J. Blazek , Kesavan Venkatesh , Milo M. Lin

Recent large reasoning models such as DeepSeek-R1 exhibit strong complex problems solving abilities by generating long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning steps. It is challenging to directly train small language models (SLMs) to emerge long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Zhaoyang Wang , Jinqi Jiang , Tian Qiu , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Huaxiu Yao

To augment language models with the ability to reason, researchers usually prompt or finetune them to produce chain of thought reasoning steps before producing the final answer. However, although people use natural language to reason…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Yuntian Deng , Kiran Prasad , Roland Fernandez , Paul Smolensky , Vishrav Chaudhary , Stuart Shieber

Large language models (LLMs) now exhibit strong multi-step reasoning abilities, but existing inference-time scaling methods remain computationally expensive, often relying on extensive sampling or external evaluators. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nicolas Legrand , Kenneth Enevoldsen , Márton Kardos , Kristoffer Nielbo

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have made significant progress in audio understanding, yet they primarily operate as perception-and-answer systems without explicit reasoning processes. Existing methods for enhancing audio reasoning rely…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiang He , Chenxing Li , Jinting Wang , Yan Rong , Tianxin Xie , Wenfu Wang , Li Liu , Dong Yu

Reasoning is a distinctive human capacity, enabling us to address complex problems by breaking them down into a series of manageable cognitive steps. Yet, complex logical reasoning is still cumbersome for language models. Based on the dual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Junbing Yan , Chengyu Wang , Taolin Zhang , Xiaofeng He , Jun Huang , Wei Zhang

Despite multi-billion parameter neural rankers being common components of state-of-the-art information retrieval pipelines, they are rarely used in production due to the enormous amount of compute required for inference. In this work, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Thiago Laitz , Konstantinos Papakostas , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

Recent research has shown that smaller language models can acquire substantial reasoning abilities when fine-tuned with reasoning exemplars crafted by a significantly larger teacher model. We explore this paradigm for the financial domain,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Karmvir Singh Phogat , Sai Akhil Puranam , Sridhar Dasaratha , Chetan Harsha , Shashishekar Ramakrishna

This paper presents ReasonFormer, a unified reasoning framework for mirroring the modular and compositional reasoning process of humans in complex decision-making. Inspired by dual-process theory in cognitive science, the representation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Wanjun Zhong , Tingting Ma , Jiahai Wang , Jian Yin , Tiejun Zhao , Chin-Yew Lin , Nan Duan