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Diffusion models are a new class of generative models that revolve around the estimation of the score function associated with a stochastic differential equation. Subsequent to its acquisition, the approximated score function is then…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Giovanni Conforti , Alain Durmus , Marta Gentiloni Silveri

While working within the spatial domain can pose problems associated with ill-conditioned scores caused by power-law decay, recent advances in diffusion-based generative models have shown that transitioning to the wavelet domain offers a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Xiongye Xiao , Shixuan Li , Luzhe Huang , Gengshuo Liu , Trung-Kien Nguyen , Yi Huang , Di Chang , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Paul Bogdan

Diffusion models generate samples by reversing a fixed forward diffusion process. Despite already providing impressive empirical results, these diffusion models algorithms can be further improved by reducing the variance of the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Yilun Xu , Shangyuan Tong , Tommi Jaakkola

Score-based generative models, which transform noise into data by learning to reverse a diffusion process, have become a cornerstone of modern generative AI. This paper contributes to establishing theoretical guarantees for the probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-03 Jiaqi Tang , Yuling Yan

Recent score-based diffusion models (SBDMs) show promising results in unpaired image-to-image translation (I2I). However, existing methods, either energy-based or statistically-based, provide no explicit form of the interfered intermediate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Shikun Sun , Longhui Wei , Junliang Xing , Jia Jia , Qi Tian

Euclidean diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generative modeling across diverse domains, and they have been extended to manifold cases in recent advances. Instead of explicitly utilizing the structure of special manifolds…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zichen Liu , Wei Zhang , Tiejun Li

We provide theoretical convergence guarantees for score-based generative models (SGMs) such as denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs), which constitute the backbone of large-scale real-world generative models such as DALL$\cdot$E…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Sitan Chen , Sinho Chewi , Jerry Li , Yuanzhi Li , Adil Salim , Anru R. Zhang

In continuously monitored quantum systems, the feedback protocol of Garc\'ia-Pintos, Liu, and Gorshkov reshapes the arrow of time: a Hamiltonian $H_{\mathrm{meas}} = r A / \tau$ applied with gain $X$ tilts the distribution of measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Sagar Dubey , Alan John

We present a supervised learning framework of training generative models for density estimation. Generative models, including generative adversarial networks, normalizing flows, variational auto-encoders, are usually considered as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yanfang Liu , Minglei Yang , Zezhong Zhang , Feng Bao , Yanzhao Cao , Guannan Zhang

Diffusion probabilistic models generate samples by learning to reverse a noise-injection process that transforms data into noise. A key development is the reformulation of the reverse sampling process as a deterministic probability flow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Jiaoyang Huang , Zhengjiang Lin

We propose closed-form conditional diffusion models for data assimilation. Diffusion models use data to learn the score function (defined as the gradient of the log-probability density of a data distribution), allowing them to generate new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-02 Brianna Binder , Agnimitra Dasgupta , Assad Oberai

We analyse how the sampling dynamics of distributions evolve in score-based diffusion models using cross-fluctuations, a centered-moment statistic from statistical physics. Specifically, we show that starting from an unbiased isotropic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Sai Niranjan Ramachandran , Manish Krishan Lal , Suvrit Sra

Diffusion models have shown impressive performance for image generation, often times outperforming other generative models. Since their introduction, researchers have extended the powerful noise-to-image denoising pipeline to discriminative…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-21 Fahim Ahmed Zaman , Mathews Jacob , Amanda Chang , Kan Liu , Milan Sonka , Xiaodong Wu

Many probabilistic models that have an intractable normalizing constant may be extended to contain covariates. Since the evaluation of the exact likelihood is difficult or even impossible for these models, score matching was proposed to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-21 Jiazhen Xu , Janice L. Scealy , Andrew T. A. Wood , Tao Zou

We theoretically investigate the phenomena of generalization and memorization in diffusion models. Empirical studies suggest that these phenomena are influenced by model complexity and the size of the training dataset. In our experiments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Anand Jerry George , Rodrigo Veiga , Nicolas Macris

We consider the problem of simulating diffusion bridges, which are diffusion processes that are conditioned to initialize and terminate at two given states. The simulation of diffusion bridges has applications in diverse scientific fields…

Computation · Statistics 2025-06-19 Jeremy Heng , Valentin De Bortoli , Arnaud Doucet , James Thornton

Score-based diffusion models have significantly advanced generative deep learning for image processing. Measurement conditioned models have also been applied to inverse problems such as CT reconstruction. However, the conventional approach,…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-02-24 Matthew Tivnan , Dufan Wu , Quanzheng Li

We study the theoretical behavior of denoising score matching--the learning task associated to diffusion models--when the data distribution is supported on a low-dimensional manifold and the score is parameterized using a random feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Anand Jerry George , Nicolas Macris

Scoring matching (SM), and its related counterpart, Stein discrepancy (SD) have achieved great success in model training and evaluations. However, recent research shows their limitations when dealing with certain types of distributions. One…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Wenbo Gong , Yingzhen Li

Score-based diffusion models are a powerful class of generative models, but their practical use often depends on training neural networks to approximate the score function. Training-free diffusion models provide an attractive alternative by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-28 Pengjun Wang , Zezhong Zhang , Minglei Yang , Feng Bao , Yanzhao Cao , Guannan Zhang
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