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Building surrogate models is one common approach when we attempt to learn unknown black-box functions. Bayesian optimization provides a framework which allows us to build surrogate models based on sequential samples drawn from the function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Hengrui Luo , James W. Demmel , Younghyun Cho , Xiaoye S. Li , Yang Liu

Bayesian optimization works effectively optimizing parameters in black-box problems. However, this method did not work for high-dimensional parameters in limited trials. Parameters can be efficiently explored by nonlinearly embedding them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Shoki Miyagawa , Atsuyoshi Yano , Naoko Sawada , Isamu Ogawa

Large Language Models (LLMs) have changed the way natural language processing works, but it is still hard to store and manage prompts efficiently in production environments. This paper presents LoPace (Lossless Optimized Prompt Accurate…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Aman Ulla

Preferential Bayesian Optimization (PBO) is a sample-efficient method to learn latent user utilities from preferential feedback over a pair of designs. It relies on a statistical surrogate model for the latent function, usually a Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-04 Xinyu Zhang , Daolang Huang , Samuel Kaski , Julien Martinelli

Most research in Bayesian optimization (BO) has focused on \emph{direct feedback} scenarios, where one has access to exact values of some expensive-to-evaluate objective. This direction has been mainly driven by the use of BO in machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Eero Siivola , Akash Kumar Dhaka , Michael Riis Andersen , Javier Gonzalez , Pablo Garcia Moreno , Aki Vehtari

Prompt tuning (PT) offers a cost-effective alternative to fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained language models (PLMs), requiring only a few parameters in soft prompt tokens added before the input text. However, existing PT approaches face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Pengxiang Lan , Haoyu Xu , Enneng Yang , Yuliang Liang , Guibing Guo , Jianzhe Zhao , Xingwei Wang

Promptable segmentation models such as SAM have established a powerful paradigm, enabling strong generalization to unseen objects and domains with minimal user input, including points, bounding boxes, and text prompts. Among these, bounding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Andrey Moskalenko , Danil Kuznetsov , Irina Dudko , Anastasiia Iasakova , Nikita Boldyrev , Denis Shepelev , Andrei Spiridonov , Andrey Kuznetsov , Vlad Shakhuro

Many control problems require repeated tuning and adaptation of controllers across distinct closed-loop tasks, where data efficiency and adaptability are critical. We propose a hierarchical Bayesian optimization (BO) framework that is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Sebastian Hirt , Lukas Theiner , Maik Pfefferkorn , Rolf Findeisen

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful technology for optimizing noisy expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions, with a broad range of real-world applications in science, engineering, economics, manufacturing, and beyond. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Joel A. Paulson , Calvin Tsay

The large language models have achieved superior performance on various natural language tasks. One major drawback of such approaches is they are resource-intensive in fine-tuning new datasets. Soft-prompt tuning presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Guoxin Chen , Yiming Qian , Bowen Wang , Liangzhi Li

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse domains, due to their strong instruction-following capabilities. This has led to increasing interest in optimizing instructions for black-box LLMs, whose internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Jaewon Chu , Seunghun Lee , Hyunwoo J. Kim

We consider the problem of optimizing hybrid structures (mixture of discrete and continuous input variables) via expensive black-box function evaluations. This problem arises in many real-world applications. For example, in materials design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Aryan Deshwal , Syrine Belakaria , Janardhan Rao Doppa

Optimizing high-dimensional and complex black-box functions is crucial in numerous scientific applications. While Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful method for sample-efficient optimization, it struggles with the curse of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Taeyoung Yun , Kiyoung Om , Jaewoo Lee , Sujin Yun , Jinkyoo Park

Bayesian Optimization has become the reference method for the global optimization of black box, expensive and possibly noisy functions. Bayesian Op-timization learns a probabilistic model about the objective function, usually a Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-10 Antonio Candelieri , Ilaria Giordani , Riccardo Perego , Francesco Archetti

Optimizing high-dimensional black-box functions under black-box constraints is a pervasive task in a wide range of scientific and engineering problems. These problems are typically harder than unconstrained problems due to hard-to-find…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Kiyoung Om , Kyuil Sim , Taeyoung Yun , Hyeongyu Kang , Jinkyoo Park

Bayesian optimization is popular for optimizing time-consuming black-box objectives. Nonetheless, for hyperparameter tuning in deep neural networks, the time required to evaluate the validation error for even a few hyperparameter settings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Jian Wu , Saul Toscano-Palmerin , Peter I. Frazier , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Large Language Models have recently been applied to text annotation tasks from social sciences, equalling or surpassing the performance of human workers at a fraction of the cost. However, no inquiry has yet been made on the impact of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Louis Abraham , Charles Arnal , Antoine Marie

Gradient-free prompt optimization methods have made significant strides in enhancing the performance of closed-source Large Language Models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks. However, existing approaches make light of the importance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Muchen Yang , Moxin Li , Yongle Li , Zijun Chen , Chongming Gao , Junqi Zhang , Yangyang Li , Fuli Feng

The remarkable performance of pre-trained large language models has revolutionised various natural language processing applications. Due to huge parametersizes and extensive running costs, companies or organisations tend to transfer the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jiazheng Li , Runcong Zhao , Yongxin Yang , Yulan He , Lin Gui

While Weighted Lasso sparse regression has appealing statistical guarantees that would entail a major real-world impact in finance, genomics, and brain imaging applications, it is typically scarcely adopted due to its complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Kenan Šehić , Alexandre Gramfort , Joseph Salmon , Luigi Nardi