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Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful approach to sample-efficient optimization of black-box functions. However, in settings with very few function evaluations, a successful application of BO may require transferring information from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Aryan Deshwal , Sait Cakmak , Yuhou Xia , David Eriksson

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

In recent years, the use of prompts to guide the output of Large Language Models have increased dramatically. However, even the best of experts struggle to choose the correct words to stitch up a prompt for the desired task. To solve this,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Yash Jain , Vishal Chowdhary

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a sample-efficient black-box optimizer commonly used in search spaces where hyperparameters are independent. However, in many practical AutoML scenarios, there will be dependencies among hyperparameters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Jiaxing Li , Wei Liu , Chao Xue , Yibing Zhan , Xiaoxing Wang , Weifeng Liu , Dacheng Tao

System prompts are critical for guiding the behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet they often contain proprietary logic or sensitive information, making them a prime target for extraction attacks. Adversarial queries can successfully…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Huseein Jawad , Nicolas Brunel

Hyperparameters play a critical role in the performances of many machine learning methods. Determining their best settings or Hyperparameter Optimization (HPO) faces difficulties presented by the large number of hyperparameters as well as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-21 Yang Yang , Ke Deng , Michael Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse tasks, largely driven by well-designed prompts. However, crafting and selecting such prompts often requires considerable human effort, significantly limiting its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Dengyun Peng , Yuhang Zhou , Qiguang Chen , Jinhao Liu , Jingjing Chen , Libo Qin

Well-designed prompts are crucial for enhancing Large language models' (LLMs) reasoning capabilities while aligning their outputs with task requirements across diverse domains. However, manually designed prompts require expertise and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Jinyu Xiang , Jiayi Zhang , Zhaoyang Yu , Xinbing Liang , Fengwei Teng , Jinhao Tu , Fashen Ren , Xiangru Tang , Sirui Hong , Chenglin Wu , Yuyu Luo

We consider the problem of optimizing expensive black-box functions over high-dimensional combinatorial spaces which arises in many science, engineering, and ML applications. We use Bayesian Optimization (BO) and propose a novel surrogate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Aryan Deshwal , Sebastian Ament , Maximilian Balandat , Eytan Bakshy , Janardhan Rao Doppa , David Eriksson

In this reproducibility study, we revisit the LLAMBO framework of Daxberger et al. (2024), a prompting-based Bayesian optimization (BO) method that uses large language models as discriminative surrogates and acquisition optimizers via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Adam Rychert , Gasper Spagnolo , Evgenii Posashkov

Prompt engineering, as an efficient and effective way to leverage Large Language Models (LLM), has drawn a lot of attention from the research community. The existing research primarily emphasizes the importance of adapting prompts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuyan Chen , Zhihao Wen , Ge Fan , Zhengyu Chen , Wei Wu , Dayiheng Liu , Zhixu Li , Bang Liu , Yanghua Xiao

While the numerous parameters in Large Language Models (LLMs) contribute to their superior performance, this massive scale makes them inefficient and memory-hungry. Thus, they are hard to deploy on commodity hardware, such as one single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Zhaozhuo Xu , Zirui Liu , Beidi Chen , Yuxin Tang , Jue Wang , Kaixiong Zhou , Xia Hu , Anshumali Shrivastava

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is widely used for optimising black-box functions but requires us to specify the length scale hyperparameter, which defines the smoothness of the functions the optimizer will consider. Most current BO algorithms…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-26 Juliusz Ziomek , Masaki Adachi , Michael A. Osborne

Hyperparameter optimization aims to find the optimal hyperparameter configuration of a machine learning model, which provides the best performance on a validation dataset. Manual search usually leads to get stuck in a local hyperparameter…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-01 Jungtaek Kim , Saehoon Kim , Seungjin Choi

Optimizing Large Language Model (LLM) performance requires well-crafted prompts, but manual prompt engineering is labor-intensive and often ineffective. Automated prompt optimization techniques address this challenge but the majority of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Ximing Dong , Shaowei Wang , Dayi Lin , Ahmed E. Hassan

Bayesian optimization (BO) is widely adopted in black-box optimization problems and it relies on a surrogate model to approximate the black-box response function. With the increasing number of black-box optimization tasks solved and even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Wenlong Lyu , Shoubo Hu , Jie Chuai , Zhitang Chen

In discrete-variable black-box optimization, the number of candidate solutions grows combinatorially, while each evaluation is often expensive. Therefore, it is important to identify promising solutions efficiently within a limited number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Reo Shikanai , Masayuki Ohzeki

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled self-improving AI systems that iteratively generate, evaluate, and refine their outcomes. Recent studies show that prompt-optimization-based self-improvement can outperform state-of-the-art…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Enoch Hyunwook Kang , Hema Yoganarasimhan

Optimizing discrete black-box functions is key in several domains, e.g. protein engineering and drug design. Due to the lack of gradient information and the need for sample efficiency, Bayesian optimization is an ideal candidate for these…

We introduce a method combining variational autoencoders (VAEs) and deep metric learning to perform Bayesian optimisation (BO) over high-dimensional and structured input spaces. By adapting ideas from deep metric learning, we use label…