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The black hole information paradox is a long-standing problem in theoretical physics. Despite some recent progress, many issues remain open and should be clarified. In this paper, we study the information paradox of Kerr black holes and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-25 Jun Nian

In this invited review, we describe Hawking's information paradox and a recently proposed resolution of it. Explicit calculations demonstrate the existence of quantum hair on black holes, meaning that the quantum state of the external…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-08-24 Xavier Calmet , Stephen D. H. Hsu

Hawking's black hole information puzzle highlights the incompatibility between our present understanding of gravity and quantum physics. However, Hawking's prediction of black-hole evaporation is at a semiclassical level. One therefore…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Shahar Hod

Using standard statistical method, we discover the existence of correlations among Hawking radiations (of tunneled particles) from a black hole. The information carried by such correlations is quantified by mutual information between…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-03-28 Baocheng Zhang , Qing-yu Cai , Li You , M S Zhan

The black-hole information paradox has fueled a fascinating effort to reconcile the predictions of general relativity and those of quantum mechanics. Gravitational considerations teach us that black holes must trap everything that falls…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-07 Samuel L. Braunstein , Hans-Jürgen Sommers , Karol Życzkowski

Recently, new holographic models of black hole evaporation have given fresh insights into the information paradox [arXiv:1905.08255, arXiv:1905.08762, arXiv:1908.10996]. In these models, the black hole evaporates into an auxiliary bath…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-24 Hong Zhe Chen , Zachary Fisher , Juan Hernandez , Robert C. Myers , Shan-Ming Ruan

Forty years after the discovery of Hawking radiation, its exact nature remains elusive. If Hawking radiation does not carry any information out from the ever shrinking black hole, it seems that unitarity is violated once the black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-01 Pisin Chen , Yen Chin Ong , Dong-han Yeom

Since Hawking's 1974 discovery, we expect that a black hole formed by collapse will emit radiation and eventually disappear. Closely related to the information loss puzzle is the challenge to define an objective notion of physical entropy…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-03-31 Bernard S. Kay

We study information retrieval from evaporating black holes, assuming that the internal dynamics of a black hole is unitary and rapidly mixing, and assuming that the retriever has unlimited control over the emitted Hawking radiation. If the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-04-03 Patrick Hayden , John Preskill

We revisit in detail the paradox of black hole information loss due to Hawking radiation as tunneling. We compute the amount of information encoded in correlations among Hawking radiations for a variety of black holes, including the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-02-01 Baocheng Zhang , Qing-yu Cai , Ming-sheng Zhan , Li You

We discuss the black hole information problem, including the recent claim that unitarity requires a horizon firewall, emphasizing the role of decoherence and macroscopic superpositions. We consider the formation and evaporation of a large…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-02-05 Stephen D. H. Hsu

We propose a microscopic quantum description for Hawking radiation as Andreev reflections, which resolves the quantum information paradox at black hole event horizons. The detailed microscopic analysis presented here reveals how a black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-11 Sreenath K. Manikandan , Andrew N. Jordan

Unitarization of black hole evaporation requires that quantum information escapes a black hole; an important question is to identify the mechanism or channel by which it does so. Accurate counting of black hole states via the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-12-30 Steven B. Giddings

A simple model of a blackhole evaporation without information loss is given. In this model, the blackhole is \textit{not} in a specific mass eigenstate as it evaporates but rather, is in a superposition of various mass eigenstates and is…

General Physics · Physics 2016-08-31 Kristian Hauser A. Villegas

The conservation of information of evaporating black holes is a very natural consequence of unitarity which is the fundamental symmetry of quantum mechanics. In order to study the conservation of information, we need to understand the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-02 Jeong-Myeong Bae , Dong Jin Lee , Dong-han Yeom , Heeseung Zoe

We discuss recent applications of Euclidean path integrals to the black hole information problem. In calculations with replica wormholes as the next-to-leading order correction to the Gibbons-Hawking saddlepoint, the radiation density…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-04 Xavier Calmet , Stephen D. H. Hsu

A semiclassical analysis shows that in the process of black hole formation and evaporation, an initial pure state will evolve to a mixed state, i.e., information will be lost. One way of avoiding this conclusion without invoking drastic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-30 Robert M. Wald

We compute the mutual information of two Hawking particles emitted consecutively by an evaporating black hole. Following Page, we find that the mutual information is of order exp(-S) where S is the entropy of the black hole. We speculate on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-10-30 Norihiro Iizuka , Daniel Kabat

Black hole evaporation is one of the most striking phenomena at the interface between gravity and quantum physics. In Hawking's semi-classical treatment, where matter is quantum mechanical and the spacetime is definite and classical,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-24 Ali Akil , Lorenzo Giannelli , Leonardo Modesto , Oscar Dahlsten , Giulio Chiribella , Caslav Brukner

Almost all of the entropy in the universe is in the form of Bekenstein--Hawking (BH) entropy of super-massive black holes. This entropy, if it satisfies Boltzmann's equation $S=\log{\cal N}$, hence represents almost all the accessible phase…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-18 Erik Aurell , Michał Eckstein , Paweł Horodecki
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