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Neural network based methods have emerged as a promising paradigm for scientific computing, yet they face critical bottlenecks in high frequency function approximation and partial differential equation (PDE) solving.

We prove exponential expressivity with stable ReLU Neural Networks (ReLU NNs) in $H^1(\Omega)$ for weighted analytic function classes in certain polytopal domains $\Omega$, in space dimension $d=2,3$. Functions in these classes are locally…

This survey provides an in-depth and explanatory review of the approximation properties of deep neural networks, with a focus on feed-forward and residual architectures. The primary objective is to examine how effectively neural networks…

For compact domains with smooth boundaries, we present an approximation scheme for surface spline approximation that delivers precise $L_p$ approximation orders on well known smoothness spaces. This scheme overcomes the boundary effects…

We consider the solution of a second order elliptic PDE with inhomogeneous Dirichlet data by means of adaptive lowest-order FEM. As is usually done in practice, the given Dirichlet data are discretized by nodal interpolation. As model…

Approximate solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) obtained by neural networks are highly affected by hyper parameter settings. For instance, the model training strongly depends on loss function design, including the choice of…

This paper establishes a comprehensive approximation result for deep fully-connected neural networks with commonly-used and general activation functions in Sobolev spaces $W^{n,\infty}$, with errors measured in the $W^{m,p}$-norm for $m <…

In this study, we establish that deep neural networks employing ReLU and ReLU$^2$ activation functions can effectively represent Lagrange finite element functions of any order on various simplicial meshes in arbitrary dimensions. We…

In this paper we study the maximum principle, the existence of eigenvalue and the existence of solution for the Dirichlet problem for operators which are fully-nonlinear, elliptic but presenting some singularity or degeneracy which are…

We study a source identification problem for a prototypical elliptic PDE from Dirichlet boundary data. This problem is ill-posed, and the involved forward operator has a significant nullspace. Standard Tikhonov regularization yields…

In this paper, we propose DeepMartNet - a Martingale based deep neural network learning method for solving Dirichlet boundary value problems (BVPs) and eigenvalue problems for elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) in high…

We investigate properties of neural networks that use both ReLU and $x^2$ as activation functions and build upon previous results to show that both analytic functions and functions in Sobolev spaces can be approximated by such networks of…

Recently, Daubechies, DeVore, Foucart, Hanin, and Petrova introduced a system of piece-wise linear functions, which can be easily reproduced by artificial neural networks with the ReLU activation function and which form a Riesz basis of…

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are central to science and engineering. Since solving them is computationally expensive, a lot of effort has been put into approximating their solution operator via both traditional and recently…

We propose a novel deep learning (DL) approach to solve one-dimensional non-linear elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic problems on graphs. A system of physics-informed neural network (PINN) models is used to solve the differential…

We propose a finite-dimensional control-based method to approximate solution operators for evolutional partial differential equations (PDEs), particularly in high-dimensions. By employing a general reduced-order model, such as a deep neural…

We derive upper bounds on the complexity of ReLU neural networks approximating the solution of a linear system given the matrix and the right-hand side. We focus on matrices which are symmetric positive definite and sparse, as they appear…

Using deep neural networks to solve PDEs has attracted a lot of attentions recently. However, why the deep learning method works is falling far behind its empirical success. In this paper, we provide a rigorous numerical analysis on deep…

In this paper, we investigate the applications of operator learning, specifically DeepONet, for solving nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Unlike conventional function learning methods that require training separate neural…

There has been a growing interest in expressivity of deep neural networks. However, most of the existing work about this topic focuses only on the specific activation function such as ReLU or sigmoid. In this paper, we investigate the…