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Mapping fermionic systems to qubits on a quantum computer is often the first step for algorithms in quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics. However, it is difficult to reconcile the many different approaches that have been proposed,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-12 Haytham McDowall-Rose , Razin A. Shaikh , Lia Yeh

In order to simulate a system of fermions on a quantum computer, it is necessary to represent the fermionic states and operators on qubits. This can be accomplished in multiple ways, including the well-known Jordan-Wigner transform, as well…

We introduce a fermion-to-qubit mapping defined on ternary trees, where any single Majorana operator on an $n$-mode fermionic system is mapped to a multi-qubit Pauli operator acting nontrivially on $\lceil \log_3(2n+1)\rceil$ qubits. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 Zhang Jiang , Amir Kalev , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Hartmut Neven

Fermion-to-qubit mappings are used to represent fermionic modes on quantum computers, an essential first step in many quantum algorithms for electronic structure calculations. In this work, we present a formalism to design flexible…

Simulation of fermionic Hamiltonians with gate-based quantum computers requires the selection of an encoding from fermionic operators to quantum gates, the most widely used being the Jordan-Wigner transform. Many alternative encodings…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Michael Williams de la Bastida , Thomas M. Bickley , Peter V. Coveney

This paper introduces the Hamiltonian-Adaptive Ternary Tree (HATT) framework to compile optimized Fermion-to-qubit mapping for specific Fermionic Hamiltonians. In the simulation of Fermionic quantum systems, efficient Fermion-to-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-15 Yuhao Liu , Kevin Yao , Jonathan Hong , Julien Froustey , Ermal Rrapaj , Costin Iancu , Gushu Li , Yunong Shi

Simulating fermionic systems on a quantum computer requires a high-performing mapping of fermionic states to qubits. A characteristic of an efficient mapping is its ability to translate local fermionic interactions into local qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Mitchell Chiew , Sergii Strelchuk

We argue that all locality-preserving mappings between fermionic observables and Pauli matrices on a two-dimensional lattice can be generated from the exact bosonization in Ref. [1], whose gauge constraints project onto the subspace of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-17 Yu-An Chen , Yijia Xu

It is shown that certain fractionally-charged quasiparticles can be modeled on \(D-\)dimensional lattices in terms of unconventional yet simple Fock algebras of creation and annihilation operators. These unconventional Fock algebras are…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-06-23 Emilio Cobanera

The celebrated Jordan--Wigner transformation provides an efficient mapping between spin chains and fermionic systems in one dimension. Here we extend this spin-fermion mapping to arbitrary tree structures, which enables mapping between…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-02-19 Stefan Backens , Alexander Shnirman , Yuriy Makhlin

Phylogenetic (evolutionary) trees and networks are leaf-labeled graphs that are widely used to represent the evolutionary relationships between entities such as species, languages, cancer cells, and viruses. To reconstruct and analyze…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Michael J. Dinneen , Pankaj S. Ghodla , Simone Linz

We use a double shifted power analog of free fermion fields to introduce current operators, Hamiltonians, and vertex operators which are deformed by two families of parameters and satisfy analogous formulas to the classical case. We show…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-19 Daniel Bump , Andrew Hardt , Travis Scrimshaw

The classical Fourier transform is, in essence, a way to take data and extract components (in the form of complex exponentials) which are invariant under cyclic shifts. We consider a case in which the components must instead be invariant…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2014-06-26 Nathaniel Eldredge

Quantum simulation of fermionic systems is a promising application of quantum computers, but in order to program them, we need to map fermionic states and operators to qubit states and quantum gates. While quantum processors may be built as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-05 Mark Steudtner , Stephanie Wehner

The operator algebra of fermionic modes is isomorphic to that of qubits, the difference between them is twofold: the embedding of subalgebras corresponding to mode subsets and multiqubit subsystems on the one hand, and the parity…

We show how to absorb fermionic quantum simulation's expensive fermion-to-qubit mapping overhead into the overhead already incurred by surface-code-based fault-tolerant quantum computing. The key idea is to process information in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-10 Andrew J. Landahl , Benjamin C. A. Morrison

Simulating fermionic lattice models with qubits requires mapping fermionic degrees of freedom to qubits. The simplest method for this task, the Jordan-Wigner transformation, yields strings of Pauli operators acting on an extensive number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 Vojtěch Havlíček , Matthias Troyer , James D. Whitfield

Clifford gates and transformations, which map products of elementary Pauli or Majorana operators to other such products, are foundational in quantum computing, underpinning the stabilizer formalism, error-correcting codes, magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Ilias Magoulas , Francesco A. Evangelista

While a considerable amount of semantic parsing approaches have employed RNN architectures for code generation tasks, there have been only few attempts to investigate the applicability of Transformers for this task. Including hierarchical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Klaudia-Doris Thellmann , Bernhard Stadler , Ricardo Usbeck , Jens Lehmann

This short note introduces a geometric representation for binary (or ternary) sequences. The proposed representation is linked to multivariate data plotting according to the radar chart. As an illustrative example, the binary Hamming…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-09 H. M. de Oliveira , R. J. Cintra
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