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We present an overview of quantum key distribution (QKD), a secure key exchange method based on the quantum laws of physics rather than computational complexity. We also provide an overview of the two most widely used commodity security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-07-15 Alan Mink , Sheila Frankel , Ray Perlner

We investigate the use of high-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) in wireless access to hybrid quantum classical networks. We study the distribution of d-dimensional time-phase encoded states between an indoor wireless user and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Osama Elmabrok , Mohsen Razavi , Tawfig Eltaif , Khaled A. Alaghbari

A quantum network provides an infrastructure connecting quantum devices with revolutionary computing, sensing, and communication capabilities. As the best-known application of a quantum network, quantum key distribution (QKD) shares secure…

In this paper, we study the feasibility of conducting quantum key distribution (QKD) together with classical communication through the same optical fiber by employing dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) technology at telecom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Bing Qi , Wen Zhu , Li Qian , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Intermodal quantum key distribution at telecom wavelengths provides a hybrid interface between fiber connections and free-space links, both essential for the realization of scalable and interoperable quantum networks. Although demonstrated…

On the pathway to quantum key distribution on a global scale, will be the realization of metropolitan-sized Memory Assisted Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution (MA-MDI-QKD) systems. Here, we present a simplistic and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Fares Nada , Amber Hussain , Tasmi R. Ahmed , Connor Kupchak

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provides an efficient means to exchange information in an unconditionally secure way. Historically, QKD protocols have been based on binary signal formats, such as two polarisation states, and the transmitted…

As the inevitable development trend of quantum key distribution, quantum networks have attracted extensive attention, and many prototypes have been deployed over recent years. Existing quantum networks based on optical fibers or quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-29 Dong Jiang , Weicong Huang , Chaohui Gao , Jia Liu , Lijun Chen

We evaluate the performance of two architectures for network-wide quantum key distribution (QKD): Relayed QKD, which relays keys over multi-link QKD paths for non-adjacent nodes, and Switched QKD, which uses optical switches to dynamically…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cornerstone of the secure quantum encryption. Building on the quantum irreversibility, we develop a technique reborning the existing QKDs into protocols that are unrestricted in distance and have…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) promises information-theoretic security, yet integrating QKD into existing protocols like TLS remains challenging due to its fundamentally different operational model. In this paper, we propose a hybrid…

Experimental deployment of quantum communication over Earth-satellite channels opens the way to a secure global quantum Internet. In this work, we present results from a real-time prototype quantum key distribution (QKD) system, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Anju Rani , Xiaoyu Ai , Aman Gupta , Ravi Singh Adhikari , Robert Malaney

A working free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) system has been developed and tested over an outdoor optical path of ~1 km at Los Alamos National Laboratory under nighttime conditions. Results show that QKD can provide secure real-time…

In the evolving landscape of quantum technology, the increasing prominence of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the security of conventional public key infrastructure. Quantum key distribution (QKD), an established quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Kaiwei Qiu , Jing Yan Haw , Hao Qin , Nelly H. Y. Ng , Michael Kasper , Alexander Ling

We present a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on long lived coherent states prepared on superconducting rings with a mesoscopic Josephson junction (dc-SQUIDs). This enables storage of the prepared states for long durations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-21 Chandan Kumar , Jaskaran Singh , Arvind

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic method enabling two parties to establish a private encryption key. The range of communication of ground-based QKD is limited to an order of 100km, due to in-fibre attenuations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Olivia Lee , Tom Vergoossen

We demonstrated, for the first time, a machine-learning method to assist the coexistence between quantum and classical communication channels. Software-defined networking was used to successfully enable the key generation and transmission…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-07-23 Y. Ou , E. Hugues-Salas , F. Ntavou , R. Wang , Y. Bi , SY. Yan , G. Kanellos , R. Nejabati , D. Simeonidou

The quantum network makes use of the quantum states to transmit data, which will revolutionize classical communication and allow for some breakthrough applications. The quantum key distribution (QKD) is one prominent application of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-11 Yuehan Xu , Tao Wang , Huanxi Zhao , Peng Huang , Guihua Zeng

The ultra-secure quantum network leverages quantum cryptography to deliver unsurpassed data transfer security. In principle, the well-known quantum key distribution (QKD) achieves unconditional security, which raises concerns about the…

A crucial goal for quantum key distribution (QKD) is to transmit unconditionally secure keys over long distances. Previous studies show that the key rate of point-to-point QKD is limited by a secret key rate capacity bound, and higher key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-30 Yingqiu Mao , Pei Zeng , Teng-Yun Chen