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Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is a central problem for context-aware applications, especially for smart homes and assisted living. A few very recent studies have shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be used for HAR at home,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Julien Cumin , Oussama Er-Rahmany , Xi Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in question answering (QA), but metrics for assessing their reliance on memorization versus retrieval remain underdeveloped. Moreover, while finetuned models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Peter Carragher , Abhinand Jha , R Raghav , Kathleen M. Carley

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly gaining enormous popularity in recent years. However, the training of LLMs has raised significant privacy and legal concerns, particularly regarding the distillation and inclusion of copyrighted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-07 Yinpeng Cai , Lexin Li , Linjun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from a range of vulnerabilities that allow malicious users to solicit undesirable responses through manipulation of the input text. These so-called jailbreak prompts are designed to trick the LLM into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 John Hawkins , Aditya Pramar , Rodney Beard , Rohitash Chandra

Large language models (LLMs) with one or more fine-tuning phases have become a necessary step to unlock various capabilities, enabling LLMs to follow natural language instructions or align with human preferences. However, it carries the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Tingfeng Hui , Zhenyu Zhang , Shuohuan Wang , Weiran Xu , Yu Sun , Hua Wu

Pre-training, which utilizes extensive and varied datasets, is a critical factor in the success of Large Language Models (LLMs) across numerous applications. However, the detailed makeup of these datasets is often not disclosed, leading to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Haodong Li , Gelei Deng , Yi Liu , Kailong Wang , Yuekang Li , Tianwei Zhang , Yang Liu , Guoai Xu , Guosheng Xu , Haoyu Wang

The current literature on memorization in Natural Language Models, especially Large Language Models (LLMs), poses severe security and privacy risks, as models tend to memorize personally identifying information (PIIs) from training data. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Kunj Joshi , David A. Smith

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into everyday applications, but their prevalent cloud-based deployment raises growing concerns around data privacy and long-term sustainability. Running LLMs locally on mobile and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Haoxin Wang , Xiaolong Tu , Hongyu Ke , Huirong Chai , Dawei Chen , Kyungtae Han

Questions of fair use of copyright-protected content to train Large Language Models (LLMs) are being actively debated. Document-level inference has been proposed as a new task: inferring from black-box access to the trained model whether a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Matthieu Meeus , Igor Shilov , Manuel Faysse , Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown to be a great success in a wide range of applications ranging from regular NLP-based use cases to AI agents. LLMs have been trained on a vast corpus of texts from various sources; despite the best…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Abhinav Joshi , Shaswati Saha , Divyaksh Shukla , Sriram Vema , Harsh Jhamtani , Manas Gaur , Ashutosh Modi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown their impressive capabilities, while also raising concerns about the data contamination problems due to privacy issues and leakage of benchmark datasets in the pre-training phase. Therefore, it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhenhua Liu , Tong Zhu , Chuanyuan Tan , Haonan Lu , Bing Liu , Wenliang Chen

The widespread usage of online Large Language Models (LLMs) inference services has raised significant privacy concerns about the potential exposure of private information in user inputs to malicious eavesdroppers. Existing privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ziqian Zeng , Jianwei Wang , Junyao Yang , Zhengdong Lu , Haoran Li , Huiping Zhuang , Cen Chen

Large language models (LLMs) generate fluent text across a wide range of tasks, but the fabrication of non-existent academic citations remains a critical and well-documented failure mode. Building on prior work that frames hallucination and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Junichiro Niimi

Answering multi-hop reasoning questions requires retrieving and synthesizing information from diverse sources. Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to perform such reasoning consistently. Here we propose an approach to pinpoint and rectify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Mansi Sakarvadia , Aswathy Ajith , Arham Khan , Daniel Grzenda , Nathaniel Hudson , André Bauer , Kyle Chard , Ian Foster

Large Language Models (LLMs), characterized by being trained on broad amounts of data in a self-supervised manner, have shown impressive performance across a wide range of tasks. Indeed, their generative abilities have aroused interest on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jorge García-Carrasco , Alejandro Maté , Juan Trujillo

Existing large language models (LLMs) can only afford fix-sized inputs due to the input length limit, preventing them from utilizing rich long-context information from past inputs. To address this, we propose a framework, Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Weizhi Wang , Li Dong , Hao Cheng , Xiaodong Liu , Xifeng Yan , Jianfeng Gao , Furu Wei

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge or mobile devices offers significant benefits, such as enhanced data privacy and real-time processing capabilities. However, it also faces critical challenges due to the substantial memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yu Mao , Weilan Wang , Hongchao Du , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

The wide adoption and application of Masked language models~(MLMs) on sensitive data (from legal to medical) necessitates a thorough quantitative investigation into their privacy vulnerabilities -- to what extent do MLMs leak information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Fatemehsadat Mireshghallah , Kartik Goyal , Archit Uniyal , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Reza Shokri

Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT are foundational in various applications due to their extensive knowledge from pre-training and fine-tuning. Despite this, they are prone to generating factual and commonsense errors, raising…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Wenxuan Wang , Yuk-Kit Chan , Zixuan Ling , Juluan Shi , Youliang Yuan , Jen-tse Huang , Yifei Zhang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

As the capabilities of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, the "pre-train and fine-tune" paradigm has become increasingly mainstream, leading to the development of various fine-tuning methods. However, the privacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Jie Hou , Chuxiong Wu , Lannan Luo , Qiang Zeng