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Transformer models have demonstrated superior performance in natural language processing. The dot product self-attention in Transformer allows us to model interactions between words. However, this modeling comes with significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Zhaozhuo Xu , Minghao Yan , Junyan Zhang , Anshumali Shrivastava

Long-sequence transformers are designed to improve the representation of longer texts by language models and their performance on downstream document-level tasks. However, not much is understood about the quality of token-level predictions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Kamil Bujel , Andrew Caines , Helen Yannakoudakis , Marek Rei

Recently, open domain multi-turn chatbots have attracted much interest from lots of researchers in both academia and industry. The dominant retrieval-based methods use context-response matching mechanisms for multi-turn response selection.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Chao Xiong , Che Liu , Zijun Xu , Junfeng Jiang , Jieping Ye

Transformer-based models have emerged as one of the most widely used architectures for natural language processing, natural language generation, and image generation. The size of the state-of-the-art models has increased steadily reaching…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Rya Sanovar , Srikant Bharadwaj , Renee St. Amant , Victor Rühle , Saravan Rajmohan

Transformers are extremely successful machine learning models whose mathematical properties remain poorly understood. Here, we rigorously characterize the behavior of transformers with hardmax self-attention and normalization sublayers as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Albert Alcalde , Giovanni Fantuzzi , Enrique Zuazua

Self-attention has become a defacto choice for capturing global context in various vision applications. However, its quadratic computational complexity with respect to image resolution limits its use in real-time applications, especially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Abdelrahman Shaker , Muhammad Maaz , Hanoona Rasheed , Salman Khan , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

Recently, the Transformer machine translation system has shown strong results by stacking attention layers on both the source and target-language sides. But the inference of this model is slow due to the heavy use of dot-product attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Tong Xiao , Yinqiao Li , Jingbo Zhu , Zhengtao Yu , Tongran Liu

Despite being the current de-facto models in most NLP tasks, transformers are often limited to short sequences due to their quadratic attention complexity on the number of tokens. Several attempts to address this issue were studied, either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Amine Abdaoui , Sourav Dutta

Transformer-based deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance across numerous language and vision tasks. While the self-attention mechanism, a core component of transformers, has proven capable of handling complex data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Laziz Abdullaev , Tan M. Nguyen

Transformer has been popular in recent crowd counting work since it breaks the limited receptive field of traditional CNNs. However, since crowd images always contain a large number of similar patches, the self-attention mechanism in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Hui Lin , Zhiheng Ma , Xiaopeng Hong , Qinnan Shangguan , Deyu Meng

The attention module is the key component in Transformers. While the global attention mechanism offers high expressiveness, its excessive computational cost restricts its applicability in various scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Dongchen Han , Tianzhu Ye , Yizeng Han , Zhuofan Xia , Siyuan Pan , Pengfei Wan , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

Neural attention, especially the self-attention made popular by the Transformer, has become the workhorse of state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) models. Very recent work suggests that the self-attention in the Transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Zhengxuan Wu , Thanh-Son Nguyen , Desmond C. Ong

This work shows how to improve and interpret the commonly used dual encoder model for response suggestion in dialogue. We present an attentive dual encoder model that includes an attention mechanism on top of the extracted word-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Yitong Li , Dianqi Li , Sushant Prakash , Peng Wang

Despite its original goal to jointly learn to align and translate, prior researches suggest that Transformer captures poor word alignments through its attention mechanism. In this paper, we show that attention weights DO capture accurate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Yun Chen , Yang Liu , Guanhua Chen , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Semantic communication aims to transmit information most relevant to a task rather than raw data, offering significant gains in communication efficiency for applications such as telepresence, augmented reality, and remote sensing. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Matin Mortaheb , Erciyes Karakaya , Sennur Ulukus

Sentence embedding is an important research topic in natural language processing. It is essential to generate a good embedding vector that fully reflects the semantic meaning of a sentence in order to achieve an enhanced performance for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Myeongjun Jang , Pilsung Kang

Transformer-based pre-trained models have gained much advance in recent years, becoming one of the most important backbones in natural language processing. Recent work shows that the attention mechanism inside Transformer may not be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Yile Wang , Linyi Yang , Zhiyang Teng , Ming Zhou , Yue Zhang

Context-aware processing mechanisms have increasingly become a critical area of exploration for improving the semantic and contextual capabilities of language generation models. The Context-Aware Semantic Recomposition Mechanism (CASRM) was…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Richard Katrix , Quentin Carroway , Rowan Hawkesbury , Matthias Heathfield

Various linear complexity models, such as Linear Transformer (LinFormer), State Space Model (SSM), and Linear RNN (LinRNN), have been proposed to replace the conventional softmax attention in Transformer structures. However, the optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Yuhong Chou , Man Yao , Kexin Wang , Yuqi Pan , Ruijie Zhu , Yiran Zhong , Yu Qiao , Jibin Wu , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

This paper introduces Syntactic Attention Pruning (SAP), a novel method for effectively pruning attention heads in Transformer models. Unlike conventional approaches that rely solely on mathematical analysis of model weights and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Tzu-Yun Lee , Ding-Yong Hong , Jan-Jan Wu