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Multi-Hop Question Answering (MHQA) is a significant area in question answering, requiring multiple reasoning components, including document retrieval, supporting sentence prediction, and answer span extraction. In this work, we analyze the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Zhangyue Yin , Yuxin Wang , Xiannian Hu , Yiguang Wu , Hang Yan , Xinyu Zhang , Zhao Cao , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Multimodal Retrieval Augmented Generation (MMRAG) is a powerful approach to question-answering over multimodal documents. A key challenge with evaluating MMRAG is the paucity of high-quality datasets matching the question styles and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Ian Wu , Sravan Jayanthi , Vijay Viswanathan , Simon Rosenberg , Sina Pakazad , Tongshuang Wu , Graham Neubig

We present a new multimodal question answering challenge, ManyModalQA, in which an agent must answer a question by considering three distinct modalities: text, images, and tables. We collect our data by scraping Wikipedia and then utilize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-23 Darryl Hannan , Akshay Jain , Mohit Bansal

Visual contents, such as illustrations and images, play a big role in product manual understanding. Existing Product Manual Question Answering (PMQA) datasets tend to ignore visual contents and only retain textual parts. In this work, to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Liang Zhang , Anwen Hu , Jing Zhang , Shuo Hu , Qin Jin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various reasoning tasks but face significant challenges with complex, knowledge-intensive multi-hop queries, particularly those involving new or long-tail knowledge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Jie He , Nan Hu , Wanqiu Long , Jiaoyan Chen , Jeff Z. Pan

Existing question answering (QA) datasets fail to train QA systems to perform complex reasoning and provide explanations for answers. We introduce HotpotQA, a new dataset with 113k Wikipedia-based question-answer pairs with four key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Zhilin Yang , Peng Qi , Saizheng Zhang , Yoshua Bengio , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Christopher D. Manning

Most existing multi-hop datasets are extractive answer datasets, where the answers to the questions can be extracted directly from the provided context. This often leads models to use heuristics or shortcuts instead of performing true…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Julian Schnitzler , Xanh Ho , Jiahao Huang , Florian Boudin , Saku Sugawara , Akiko Aizawa

Recent approaches to multilingual open-domain question answering (MLODQA) have achieved promising results given abundant language-specific training data. However, the considerable annotation cost limits the application of these methods for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Fan Jiang , Tom Drummond , Trevor Cohn

We present M$^3$-VQA, a novel knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmark, to enhance the evaluation of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) in fine-grained multimodal entity understanding and complex multi-hop reasoning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiatong Ma , Longteng Guo , Yuchen Liu , Zijia Zhao , Dongze Hao , Xuanxu Lin , Jing Liu

Several multi-hop reading comprehension datasets have been proposed to resolve the issue of reasoning shortcuts by which questions can be answered without performing multi-hop reasoning. However, the ability of multi-hop models to perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Xanh Ho , Saku Sugawara , Akiko Aizawa

Multi-hop Question Answering (QA) requires the machine to answer complex questions by finding scattering clues and reasoning from multiple documents. Graph Network (GN) and Question Decomposition (QD) are two common approaches at present.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Jiawei Li , Mucheng Ren , Yang Gao , Yizhe Yang

Synthetic data generation has recently emerged as a promising approach for enhancing the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) without the need for expensive human annotations. However, existing methods often generate data that can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Alisia Lupidi , Carlos Gemmell , Nicola Cancedda , Jane Dwivedi-Yu , Jason Weston , Jakob Foerster , Roberta Raileanu , Maria Lomeli

In today's fast-paced industry, professionals face the challenge of summarizing a large number of documents and extracting vital information from them on a daily basis. These metrics are frequently hidden away in tables and/or their nested…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Che Guan , Mengyu Huang , Peng Zhang

Recent advances in multimodal question answering have primarily focused on combining heterogeneous modalities or fine-tuning multimodal large language models. While these approaches have shown strong performance, they often rely on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Krishna Singh Rajput , Tejas Anvekar , Chitta Baral , Vivek Gupta

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) in the biomedical domain requires benchmarks that can distinguish reasoning from pattern matching and remain discriminative as model capabilities improve. Existing biomedical question answering (QA)…

Reading comprehension QA tasks have seen a recent surge in popularity, yet most works have focused on fact-finding extractive QA. We instead focus on a more challenging multi-hop generative task (NarrativeQA), which requires the model to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Lisa Bauer , Yicheng Wang , Mohit Bansal

Question-answering (QA) is a natural approach for humans to understand a piece of music audio. However, for machines, accessing a large-scale dataset covering diverse aspects of music is crucial, yet challenging, due to the scarcity of…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhihao Ouyang , Ju-Chiang Wang , Daiyu Zhang , Bin Chen , Shangjie Li , Quan Lin

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) with extended context windows have significantly improved tasks such as information extraction, question answering, and complex planning scenarios. In order to achieve success in long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhi Chen , Qiguang Chen , Libo Qin , Qipeng Guo , Haijun Lv , Yicheng Zou , Wanxiang Che , Hang Yan , Kai Chen , Dahua Lin

Existing question answering datasets focus on dealing with homogeneous information, based either only on text or KB/Table information alone. However, as human knowledge is distributed over heterogeneous forms, using homogeneous information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Wenhu Chen , Hanwen Zha , Zhiyu Chen , Wenhan Xiong , Hong Wang , William Wang

KBQA is a task that requires to answer questions by using semantic structured information in knowledge base. Previous work in this area has been restricted due to the lack of large semantic parsing dataset and the exponential growth of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Meihao Fan , Lei Zhang , Siyao Xiao , Yuru Liang