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Landau damping and Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) modes are among the most fundamental concepts in plasma physics. While the former describes the surprising damping of linear plasma waves in a collisionless plasma, the latter describes…

Space Physics · Physics 2011-09-08 C. S. Ng , A. Bhattacharjee , F. Skiff

A one-dimensional, collisionless plasma given by the Vlasov-Poisson system is considered and the stability properties of periodic steady state solutions known as Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) waves are investigated. Sufficient conditions…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-04-18 Stephen Pankavich , Robert Allen

Consider Vlasov-Poisson system with a fixed ion background and periodic condition on the space variables, in any dimension d\geq2. First, we show that for general homogeneous equilibrium and any periodic x-box, within any small neighborhood…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2011-06-23 Zhiwu Lin , Chongchun Zeng

This paper reexamines the physical roles of trapped and passing electrons in electron Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) solitary waves, also called the BGK phase space electron holes (EH). It is shown that the charge density variation in the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Li-Jen Chen , George K. Parks

An unstable one-dimensional Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) mode has been studied through high-precision numerical simulations. The initial turbulent, periodic equilibrium state is obtained by solving a Vlasov-Poisson system for initially…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Sofia Zanelli , Gabriele Celebre , Sergio Servidio , Francesco Valentini

Electrostatic structures have been observed in many regions of space plasmas, including the solar wind, the magnetosphere, the auroral acceleration region, and in association with shocks, turbulence, and magnetic reconnection. Due to…

Space Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 C. S. Ng , S. J. Soundararajan , E. Yasin

Electrostatic structures have been observed in many regions of space plasmas, including the solar wind, the magnetosphere, the auroral acceleration region. One possible theoretical description of some of these structures is the concept of…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2020-02-06 C. S. Ng

Consider 1D Vlasov-poisson system with a fixed ion background and periodic condition on the space variable. First, we show that for general homogeneous equilibria, within any small neighborhood in the Sobolev space W^{s,p} (p>1,s<1+(1/p))…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-05-18 Zhiwu Lin , Chongchun Zeng

Bernstein-Kruskal-Greene (or BGK) modes are ubiquitous nonlinear solutions for the 1D electrostatic Vlasov equation, with the particle distribution function $f$ given as a function of the particle energy. Here, we consider other solutions…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2019-10-22 Benjamin J. Q. Woods

Nonlinear electron kinetic structures are regularly observed in space and experimental magnetized plasmas, called electron phase-space holes (EHs). The existence of EHs is conditioned and varies according to the ambient magnetic field and…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-10-19 Gaëtan Gauthier , Thomas Chust , Olivier Le Contel , Philippe Savoini

We consider two classes of steady states of the three-dimensional, gravitational Vlasov-Poisson system: the spherically symmetric Antonov-stable steady states (including the polytropes and the King model) and their plane symmetric…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-04-27 Mahir Hadzic , Gerhard Rein , Christopher Straub

We consider a family of isolated inhomogeneous steady states to the gravitational Vlasov-Poisson system with a point mass at the centre. They are parametrised by the polytropic index $k>1/2$, so that the phase space density of the steady…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-07-23 Mahir Hadzic , Gerhard Rein , Matthew Schrecker , Christopher Straub

The solitary waves are investigated through the Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal integral method with the ion response. We consider two specific cases of ions, i.e., the single stream with the waterbag distribution and the two counter-propagating…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-08-06 Ran Guo

Long range frequency chirping of Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal modes, whose existence is determined by the fast particles, is investigated in cases where these particles do not move freely and their motion is bounded to restricted orbits. An…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2017-10-11 H. Hezaveh , Z. S. Qu , B. Layden , M. J. Hole

Nonlinear stationary structures formed in a cold plasma with immobile ions in the presence of a relativistic electron current beam have been investigated analytically in the collisionless limit. These are cold plasma version of the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2019-08-27 Roopendra Singh Rajawat , Sudip Sengupta , Nikhil Chakrabarti

The 1D Vlasov-Poisson system is the simplest kinetic model for describing an electrostatic collisonless plasma, and the BGK waves are its famous exact steady solutions. They play an important role on the long time dynamics of a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-04-26 Yan Guo , Zhiwu Lin

We present two dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of 2D Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) modes, which are exact nonlinear steady-state solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson equations, on a 2D plane perpendicular to a background…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-04-09 J. McClung , M. T. Franciscovich , K. Germaschewski , C. S. Ng

We assume the macroscopic wave function of a Bose-Einstein condensate as a superposition of Gaussian wave packets, with time-dependent complex width parameters, insert it into the mean-field energy functional corresponding to the…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2012-09-21 M. Kreibich , H. Cartarius , J. Main , G. Wunner

The one-dimensional stationary quantum Vlasov equation is analyzed using the energy as one of the dynamical variables, similarly as in the solution of the Vlasov-Poisson system by means of the Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal method. In the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-22 Fernando Haas

A new model, inspired by the structure of galactic disks, for three-dimensional Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) modes in a plasma with a uniform finite background magnetic field is presented. These modes are exact nonlinear solutions of the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 C. S. Ng
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