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Vector quantization is a fundamental operation for data compression and vector search. To obtain high accuracy, multi-codebook methods represent each vector using codewords across several codebooks. Residual quantization (RQ) is one such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Iris A. M. Huijben , Matthijs Douze , Matthew Muckley , Ruud J. G. van Sloun , Jakob Verbeek

Learning discrete representations with vector quantization (VQ) has emerged as a powerful approach in various generative models. However, most VQ-based models rely on a single, fixed-rate codebook, requiring extensive retraining for new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Jiwan Seo , Joonhyuk Kang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in applications requiring long context lengths, but the key-value (KV) cache often becomes a memory bottleneck on GPUs as context grows. To address this, we propose Commutative Vector…

Deep Learning models have become the dominant approach in several areas due to their high performance. Unfortunately, the size and hence computational requirements of operating such models can be considerably high. Therefore, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Abdullah Salama , Oleksiy Ostapenko , Tassilo Klein , Moin Nabi

With the ever-increasing volume of visual data, the efficient and lossless transmission, along with its subsequent interpretation and understanding, has become a critical bottleneck in modern information systems. The emerged codebook-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yongbo Wang , Haonan Wang , Guodong Mu , Ruixin Zhang , Jiaqi Chen , Jingyun Zhang , Jun Wang , Yuan Xie , Zhizhong Zhang , Shouhong Ding

Video Coding for Machines (VCM) is committed to bridging to an extent separate research tracks of video/image compression and feature compression, and attempts to optimize compactness and efficiency jointly from a unified perspective of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Wenhan Yang , Haofeng Huang , Yueyu Hu , Ling-Yu Duan , Jiaying Liu

Recent advances in deep learning have made available large, powerful convolutional neural networks (CNN) with state-of-the-art performance in several real-world applications. Unfortunately, these large-sized models have millions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Giosuè Cataldo Marinò , Gregorio Ghidoli , Marco Frasca , Dario Malchiodi

In theory, vector quantization (VQ) is always better than scalar quantization (SQ) in terms of rate-distortion (R-D) performance. Recent state-of-the-art methods for neural image compression are mainly based on nonlinear transform coding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Runsen Feng , Zongyu Guo , Weiping Li , Zhibo Chen

Generative models with discrete latent representations have recently demonstrated an impressive ability to learn complex high-dimensional data distributions. However, their performance relies on a long sequence of tokens per instance and a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 David D. Nguyen , David Leibowitz , Surya Nepal , Salil S. Kanhere

Embedding vectors are widely used for representing unstructured data and searching through it for semantically similar items. However, the large size of these vectors, due to their high-dimensionality, creates problems for modern vector…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Mariano Tepper , Ted Willke

Model architectures have been dramatically increasing in size, improving performance at the cost of resource requirements. In this paper we propose 3DQ, a ternary quantization method, applied for the first time to 3D Fully Convolutional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Magdalini Paschali , Stefano Gasperini , Abhijit Guha Roy , Michael Y. -S. Fang , Nassir Navab

Model compression is generally performed by using quantization, low-rank approximation or pruning, for which various algorithms have been researched in recent years. One fundamental question is: what types of compression work better for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Miguel Á. Carreira-Perpiñán , Yerlan Idelbayev

Many applications require data processing to be performed on individual pieces of data which are of finite sizes, e.g., files in cloud storage units and packets in data networks. However, traditional universal compression solutions would…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-22 Ahmad Beirami , Mohsen Sardari , Faramarz Fekri

The goal of model compression is to reduce the size of a large neural network while retaining a comparable performance. As a result, computation and memory costs in resource-limited applications may be significantly reduced by dropping…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-10 Wenjing Yang , Ganghua Wang , Jie Ding , Yuhong Yang

Quantization neural networks (QNNs) are very attractive to the industry because their extremely cheap calculation and storage overhead, but their performance is still worse than that of networks with full-precision parameters. Most of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Chuanjian Liu , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang , Hanting Chen , Qi Tian , Chunjing Xu

Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs), which use low bitwidth numbers for representing parameters and performing computations, have been proposed to reduce the computation complexity, storage size and memory usage. In QNNs, parameters and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-23 Shuchang Zhou , Yuzhi Wang , He Wen , Qinyao He , Yuheng Zou

As state of the art neural networks (NNs) continue to grow in size, their resource-efficient implementation becomes ever more important. In this paper, we introduce a compression scheme that reduces the number of computations required for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Hans Rosenberger , Rodrigo Fischer , Johanna S. Fröhlich , Ali Bereyhi , Ralf R. Müller

Natural language processing (NLP) models often require a massive number of parameters for word embeddings, resulting in a large storage or memory footprint. Deploying neural NLP models to mobile devices requires compressing the word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Raphael Shu , Hideki Nakayama

In federated learning, particularly in cross-device scenarios, secure aggregation has recently gained popularity as it effectively defends against inference attacks by malicious aggregators. However, secure aggregation often requires…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Xu Yang , Jiapeng Zhang , Qifeng Zhang , Zhuo Tang

Language models have been successfully used to model natural signals, such as images, speech, and music. A key component of these models is a high quality neural compression model that can compress high-dimensional natural signals into…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Rithesh Kumar , Prem Seetharaman , Alejandro Luebs , Ishaan Kumar , Kundan Kumar