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Deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) has major computational costs, due to their rapidly expanding size. Compression of LLMs reduces the memory footprint, latency, and energy required for their inference. Post-training Quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Ali Edalati , Alireza Ghaffari , Mahsa Ghazvini Nejad , Lu Hou , Boxing Chen , Masoud Asgharian , Vahid Partovi Nia

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on specific datasets is a common practice to improve performance on target tasks. However, this performance gain often leads to overfitting, where the model becomes too specialized in either the task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Sonam Gupta , Yatin Nandwani , Asaf Yehudai , Dinesh Khandelwal , Dinesh Raghu , Sachindra Joshi

Releasing open-source large language models (LLMs) presents a dual-use risk since bad actors can easily fine-tune these models for harmful purposes. Even without the open release of weights, weight stealing and fine-tuning APIs make closed…

When training neural networks with simulated quantization, we observe that quantized weights can, rather unexpectedly, oscillate between two grid-points. The importance of this effect and its impact on quantization-aware training (QAT) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Markus Nagel , Marios Fournarakis , Yelysei Bondarenko , Tijmen Blankevoort

The increasingly Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate stronger language understanding and generation capabilities, while the memory demand and computation cost of fine-tuning LLMs on downstream tasks are non-negligible. Besides,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Ting Hu , Christoph Meinel , Haojin Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various tasks but face deployment challenges due to their massive computational demands. While post-training pruning methods like SparseGPT and Wanda can effectively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qiao Xiao , Alan Ansell , Boqian Wu , Lu Yin , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Shiwei Liu , Decebal Constantin Mocanu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has played a central role in the recent surge of LLMs' math abilities by enabling self-improvement through binary verifier signals. In contrast, Supervised Learning (SL) is rarely considered for such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Huayu Chen , Kaiwen Zheng , Qinsheng Zhang , Ganqu Cui , Lifan Yuan , Yin Cui , Haotian Ye , Tsung-Yi Lin , Ming-Yu Liu , Jun Zhu , Haoxiang Wang

Modern instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable progress in code generation. However, these LLMs fine-tuned with standard supervised fine-tuning (SFT) sometimes generate plausible-looking but functionally…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Lishui Fan , Zhongxin Liu , Haoye Wang , Lingfeng Bao , Xin Xia , Shanping Li

The reliable application of deep learning models to software engineering tasks hinges on high-quality training data. Yet, large-scale repositories inevitably introduce noisy or mislabeled examples that degrade both accuracy and robustness.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Zixiao Zhao , Fatemeh H. Fard , Jie JW Wu

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models have been proved strong when translating clean texts, but they are very sensitive to noise in the input. Improving NMT models robustness can be seen as a form of "domain" adaption to noise. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Zhenhao Li , Lucia Specia

Fine-tuning is an important step in adapting foundation models such as large language models to downstream tasks. To make this step more accessible to users with limited computational budgets, it is crucial to develop fine-tuning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Cen-Jhih Li , Aditya Bhaskara

Recently, prompt tuning (PT) has gained increasing attention as a parameter-efficient way of tuning pre-trained language models (PLMs). Despite extensively reducing the number of tunable parameters and achieving satisfying performance, PT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Yufei Huang , Yujia Qin , Huadong Wang , Yichun Yin , Maosong Sun , Zhiyuan Liu , Qun Liu

There has been significant interest in "extreme" compression of large language models (LLMs), i.e., to 1-2 bits per parameter, which allows such models to be executed efficiently on resource-constrained devices. Existing work focused on…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, but they are hindered by high computational costs and memory requirements. Ternarization, an extreme form of quantization, offers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Tianqi Chen , Zhe Li , Weixiang Xu , Zeyu Zhu , Dong Li , Lu Tian , Emad Barsoum , Peisong Wang , Jian Cheng

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) compresses large language models to low bit-widths using a small calibration set, and its quality depends strongly on which samples are chosen. We identify a failure mode in which calibration samples fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ibne Farabi Shihab , Sanjeda Akter , Anuj Sharma

The releases of powerful open-weight large language models (LLMs) are often not accompanied by access to their full training data. Existing interpretability methods, particularly those based on activations, often require or assume…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Ziqian Zhong , Aditi Raghunathan

Standard fine-tuning of large pre-trained language models (PLMs) for downstream tasks requires updating hundreds of millions to billions of parameters, and storing a large copy of the PLM weights for every task resulting in increased cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Yaqing Wang , Sahaj Agarwal , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Xiaodong Liu , Jing Gao , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah , Jianfeng Gao

Standard fine-tuning of large pre-trained language models (PLMs) for downstream tasks requires updating hundreds of millions to billions of parameters, and storing a large copy of the PLM weights for every task resulting in increased cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Yaqing Wang , Sahaj Agarwal , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Xiaodong Liu , Jing Gao , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah , Jianfeng Gao

Large language models (LLMs) consistently benefit from further fine-tuning on various tasks. However, we observe that directly tuning the Instruct (i.e., instruction-tuned) models often leads to marginal improvements and even performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Taiqiang Wu , Runming Yang , Jiayi Li , Pengfei Hu , Yik-Chung Wu , Ngai Wong , Yujiu Yang

This study explores the fine-tuning (FT) of the Open Pre-trained Transformer (OPT-125M) for grammatical acceptability tasks using the CoLA dataset. By comparing Vanilla-Fine-Tuning (VFT), Pattern-Based-Fine-Tuning (PBFT), and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Shobhit Ratan , Farley Knight , Ghada Jerfel , Sze Chung Ho