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Macroscale robotic systems have demonstrated great capabilities of high speed, precise, and agile functions. However, the ability of soft robots to perform complex tasks, especially in centimeter and millimeter scale, remains limited due to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-12-13 Zoey S. Davidson , Hamed Shahsavan , Amirreza Aghakhani , Yubing Guo , Lindsey Hines , Yu Xia , Shu Yang , Metin Sitti

Object manipulation in robotics faces challenges due to diverse object shapes, sizes, and fragility. Gripper-based methods offer precision and low degrees of freedom (DOF) but the gripper limits the kind of objects to grasp. On the other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Pratik Ingle , Kasper Støy , Andres Faiña

Soft-growing robots (i.e., vine robots) are a promising class of soft robots that allow for navigation and growth in tightly confined environments. However, these robots remain challenging to model and control due to the complex interplay…

Soft robots have the ability to adapt to their environment, which makes them suitable for use in disaster areas and agricultural fields, where their mobility is constrained by complex terrain. One of the main challenges in developing soft…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Abu Nayem Md. Asraf Siddiquee , Benjamin Colfer , Yasemin Ozkan-Aydin

Biological systems, such as the octopus, exhibit masterful cross-scale manipulation by adaptively reconfiguring their entire form, a capability that remains elusive in robotics. Conventional soft grippers, while compliant, are mostly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Dong Heon Han , Xiaohao Xu , Yuxi Chen , Yusheng Zhou , Xinqi Zhang , Jiaqi Wang , Daniel Bruder , Xiaonan Huang

Cooperative transport, the simultaneous movement of an object by multiple agents, has been widely observed in biological systems such as ant colonies, which improve efficiency and adaptability in dynamic environments. Inspired by these…

Rigid-bodied robots often lack compliance needed to adapt to unstructured environments, while fully soft robots, though highly adaptable, struggle with scalability and load capacity. In nature, musculoskeletal systems balance strength and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Hiroki Kobayashi , Yuki Takaha , Changyoung Yuhn , Yuki Sato , Sunao Tomita , Atsushi Kawamoto , Tsuyoshi Nomura

Precise modeling soft robots remains a challenge due to their infinite-dimensional nature governed by partial differential equations. This paper introduces an innovative approach for modeling soft pneumatic actuators, employing a nonlinear…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Wu-Te Yang , Hannah Stuart , Burak Kurkcu , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Through the utilization of smart materials and well-designed structures, functional surfaces have been developed to enable small-scale liquid/solid manipulation tasks, thereby facilitating crucial applications in the fields of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-04-09 Jiaqi Miao

We introduced a new concept for fabricating solvent stimulus polymer actuators with unprecedented sensitivity and accuracy. This was accomplished by integrating porous architectures and electrostatic complexation gradients in a poly(ionic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-09-07 Qiang Zhao , Jan Heyda , Joachim Dzubiella , Karoline Täuber , John W. C. Dunlop , Jiayin Yuan

Object manipulation is a fundamental challenge in robotics, where systems must balance trade-offs among manipulation capabilities, system complexity, and throughput. Distributed manipulator systems (DMS) use the coordinated motion of…

Natural organisms utilize distributed actuation through their musculoskeletal systems to adapt their gait for traversing diverse terrains or to morph their bodies for varied tasks. A longstanding challenge in robotics is to emulate this…

Soft Robots distinguish themselves from traditional robots by embracing flexible kinematics. Because of their recent emergence, there exist numerous uncharted territories, including novel actuators, manufacturing processes, and advanced…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jorge Francisco García-Samartín , Adrián Rieker , Antonio Barrientos

Many organisms leverage an interplay between shape and activity to generate motion and adapt to their environment. Embedding such feedback into synthetic microrobots could eliminate the need for sensors, software, and actuators, yet current…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-06-19 Mengshi Wei , Daniela J. Kraft

This work introduces the Monolithic Unit (MU), an actuator-lattice-sensor building block for soft robotics. The MU integrates pneumatic actuation, a compliant lattice envelope, and candidate sites for optical waveguide sensing into a single…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Trevor Exley , Anderson Brazil Nardin , Petr Trunin , Diana Cafiso , Lucia Beccai

Soft robots have been leveraged in considerable areas like surgery, rehabilitation, and bionics due to their softness, flexibility, and safety. However, it is challenging to produce two same soft robots even with the same mold and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Zixi Chen , Xuyang Ren , Matteo Bernabei , Vanessa Mainardi , Gastone Ciuti , Cesare Stefanini

This paper introduces a novel design method that enhances the force/torque, bendability, and controllability of soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs). The complex structure of the soft actuator is simplified by approximating it as a cantilever…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Wu-Te Yang , Burak Kurkcu , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Soft actuators offer a safe, adaptable approach to tasks like gentle grasping and dexterous manipulation. Creating accurate models to control such systems however is challenging due to the complex physics of deformable materials. Accurate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Manu Lahariya , Craig Innes , Chris Develder , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

Snapping instabilities in soft structures offer a powerful pathway to achieve rapid and energy-efficient actuation. In this study, an eccentric dome-shaped snapping actuator is developed to generate controllable asymmetric motion through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Xin Li , Ye Jin , Mohsen Jafarpour , Hugo de Souza Oliveira , Edoardo Milana

Soft machines are poised to deliver significant real-world impact, with soft robotics emerging as a key sub-discipline. This field integrates biological inspiration, materials science, and embodied intelligence to create bio-robotic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-18 M. Gepner , J. Mack , A. A. Stokes