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This paper studies convergence properties of inexact iterative solution schemes for bilevel optimization problems. Bilevel optimization problems emerge in control-aware design optimization, where the system design parameters are optimized…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-26 Torbjørn Cunis Ilya Kolmanovsky

In this work, we propose derivative-free framework for bilevel optimization. We consider both the upper and lower-level problems with bound constraints on the variables, as well as general nonlinear constraints, assuming that first-order…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Edoardo Cesaroni , Giampaolo Liuzzi , Stefano Lucidi

In this paper we propose a bilevel optimization approach for the placement of space and time observations in variational data assimilation problems. Within the framework of supervised learning, we consider a bilevel problem where the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-09 Paula Castro , Juan Carlos De los Reyes

When optimizing over-parameterized models, such as deep neural networks, a large set of parameters can achieve zero training error. In such cases, the choice of the optimization algorithm and its respective hyper-parameters introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Gauthier Gidel , Francis Bach , Simon Lacoste-Julien

In this paper, we introduce a new functional point of view on bilevel optimization problems for machine learning, where the inner objective is minimized over a function space. These types of problems are most often solved by using methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-10 Ieva Petrulionyte , Julien Mairal , Michael Arbel

We study two procedures (reverse-mode and forward-mode) for computing the gradient of the validation error with respect to the hyperparameters of any iterative learning algorithm such as stochastic gradient descent. These procedures mirror…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-13 Luca Franceschi , Michele Donini , Paolo Frasconi , Massimiliano Pontil

By exploiting double-penalty terms for the primal subproblem, we develop a novel relaxed augmented Lagrangian method for solving a family of convex optimization problems subject to equality or inequality constraints. The method is then…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-16 Jianchao Bai , Linyuan Jia , Zheng Peng

Bilevel optimization has been recently revisited for designing and analyzing algorithms in hyperparameter tuning and meta learning tasks. However, due to its nested structure, evaluating exact gradients for high-dimensional problems is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Amirreza Shaban , Ching-An Cheng , Nathan Hatch , Byron Boots

We examine gradient descent on unregularized logistic regression problems, with homogeneous linear predictors on linearly separable datasets. We show the predictor converges to the direction of the max-margin (hard margin SVM) solution. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-29 Daniel Soudry , Elad Hoffer , Mor Shpigel Nacson , Suriya Gunasekar , Nathan Srebro

Common regularization algorithms for linear regression, such as LASSO and Ridge regression, rely on a regularization hyperparameter that balances the tradeoff between minimizing the fitting error and the norm of the learned model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Gabriele Maroni , Loris Cannelli , Dario Piga

In this paper we consider the problem of learning variational models in the context of supervised learning via risk minimization. Our goal is to provide a deeper understanding of the two approaches of learning of variational models via…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-07 Christoph Brauer , Niklas Breustedt , Timo de Wolff , Dirk A. Lorenz

In this paper, based on the combination of tensor neural network and a posteriori error estimator, a novel type of machine learning method is proposed to solve high-dimensional boundary value problems with homogeneous and non-homogeneous…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-05-07 Yifan Wang , Zhongshuo Lin , Yangfei Liao , Haochen Liu , Hehu Xie

This review discusses methods for learning parameters for image reconstruction problems using bilevel formulations. Image reconstruction typically involves optimizing a cost function to recover a vector of unknown variables that agrees with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-16 Caroline Crockett , Jeffrey A. Fessler

We propose techniques for approximating bilevel optimization problems with non-smooth lower level problems that can have a non-unique solution. To this end, we substitute the expression of a minimizer of the lower level minimization problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-04-27 Peter Ochs , René Ranftl , Thomas Brox , Thomas Pock

We present a novel adaptive optimization algorithm for large-scale machine learning problems. Equipped with a low-cost estimate of local curvature and Lipschitz smoothness, our method dynamically adapts the search direction and step-size.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Majid Jahani , Sergey Rusakov , Zheng Shi , Peter Richtárik , Michael W. Mahoney , Martin Takáč

In this paper, we study a class of bilevel optimization problems where the lower-level problem is a convex composite optimization model, which arises in various applications, including bilevel hyperparameter selection for regularized…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Xiaoning Bai , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang , Lezhi Zhang

Two-level stochastic optimization formulations have become instrumental in a number of machine learning contexts such as continual learning, neural architecture search, adversarial learning, and hyperparameter tuning. Practical stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Tommaso Giovannelli , Griffin Dean Kent , Luis Nunes Vicente

In this work we derive a second-order approach to bilevel optimization, a type of mathematical programming in which the solution to a parameterized optimization problem (the "lower" problem) is itself to be optimized (in the "upper"…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-06 Robert Dyro , Edward Schmerling , Nikos Arechiga , Marco Pavone

Bilevel optimization has found extensive applications in modern machine learning problems such as hyperparameter optimization, neural architecture search, meta-learning, etc. While bilevel problems with a unique inner minimal point (e.g.,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-09 Daouda Sow , Kaiyi Ji , Ziwei Guan , Yingbin Liang

Recently, lower-level constrained bilevel optimization has attracted increasing attention. However, existing methods mostly focus on either deterministic cases or problems with linear constraints. The main challenge in stochastic cases with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Hantao Nie , Jiaxiang Li , Zaiwen Wen