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Our Critical Infrastructure (CI) systems are, by definition, critical to the safe and proper functioning of society. Nearly all of these systems utilize industrial Process Control Systems (PCS) to provide clean water, reliable electricity,…
Vagueness and ambiguity in privacy policies threaten the ability of consumers to make informed choices about how businesses collect, use, and share their personal information. The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) of 2018 was intended…
This paper aims to enhance the security and resilience of Critical Information Infrastructures (CIIs) by providing a dynamic collaborative, warning and response system (CyberSANE system) supporting and guiding security officers and…
The EU has become one of the vanguards in regulating the digital age. A particularly important regulation in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) domain is the EU AI Act, which entered into force in 2024. The AI Act specifies -- due to a…
Increasing reliance on Information and Communication Technology~(ICT) exposes the power grid to cyber-attacks. In particular, Coordinated Cyber-Attacks (CCAs) are considered highly threatening and difficult to defend against, because they…
The convergence of information and communication technologies has introduced new and advanced capabilities to Industrial Control Systems. However, concurrently, it has heightened their vulnerability to cyber attacks. Consequently, the…
The Digital Services Act (DSA) introduced by the European Union in 2022 offers a landmark framework for platform transparency, with Article 40 enabling vetted researchers to access data from major online platforms. Yet significant legal,…
As Critical National Infrastructures are becoming more vulnerable to cyber attacks, their protection becomes a significant issue for any organization as well as a nation. Moreover, the ability to attribute is a vital element of avoiding…
Cyber insurance, which protects insured organizations against financial losses from cyberattacks and data breaches, can be difficult and expensive to obtain for many organizations. These difficulties stem from insurers difficulty in…
The world is currently strongly connected through both the internet at large, but also the very supply chains which provide everything from food to infrastructure and technology. The supply chains are themselves vulnerable to adversarial…
Modern cybersecurity threats are growing in complexity, targeting increasingly intricate & interconnected systems. To effectively defend against these evolving threats, security teams utilize automation & orchestration to enhance response…
This paper presents a comparative survey of cyberthreat and attack trends starting from 2010 till date Cyber security breaches are constantly on the rise with huge uncertainty and risks The trend is causing rife globally because of its…
As cloud services become central in an increasing number of applications, they process and store more personal and business-critical data. At the same time, privacy and compliance regulations such as GDPR, the EU ePrivacy regulation, PCI,…
The European Cybersecurity Certification Scheme for Cloud Services (EUCS) is one of the first cybersecurity schemes in Europe, defined by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). It aims to encourage cloud providers to…
Products certified under security certification frameworks such as Common Criteria undergo significant scrutiny during the costly certification process. Yet, critical vulnerabilities, including private key recovery (ROCA, Minerva,…
The growing complexity of cyber attacks has necessitated the evolution of firewall technologies from static models to adaptive, machine learning-driven systems. This research introduces "Dynamically Retrainable Firewalls", which respond to…
The management of data and digital assets poses various challenges, including the need to adhere to legal requirements with respect to personal data protection and copyright. Usage control technologies could be used by software platform…
The first-ever Ukraine cyberattack on power grid has proven its devastation by hacking into their critical cyber assets. With administrative privileges accessing substation networks/local control centers, one intelligent way of coordinated…
The scale of Internet-connected systems has increased considerably, and these systems are being exposed to cyber attacks more than ever. The complexity and dynamics of cyber attacks require protecting mechanisms to be responsive, adaptive,…
Cyber incident response is critical to business continuity -- we describe a new exercise that challenges professionals to play the role of Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) for a major financial organisation. Teams must decide how…