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Despite being trained on balanced datasets, existing AI-generated image detectors often exhibit systematic bias at test time, frequently misclassifying fake images as real. We hypothesize that this behavior stems from distributional shift…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Muli Yang , Gabriel James Goenawan , Henan Wang , Huaiyuan Qin , Chenghao Xu , Yanhua Yang , Fen Fang , Ying Sun , Joo-Hwee Lim , Hongyuan Zhu

The generation of high-quality images has become widely accessible and is a rapidly evolving process. As a result, anyone can generate images that are indistinguishable from real ones. This leads to a wide range of applications, including…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Sergey Sinitsa , Ohad Fried

We present a novel method for image anomaly detection, where algorithms that use samples drawn from some distribution of "normal" data, aim to detect out-of-distribution (abnormal) samples. Our approach includes a combination of encoder and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-02 Nina Tuluptceva , Bart Bakker , Irina Fedulova , Anton Konushin

The rapid proliferation of AI-generated images, powered by generative adversarial networks (GANs), diffusion models, and other synthesis techniques, has raised serious concerns about misinformation, copyright violations, and digital…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Nusrat Tasnim , Kutub Uddin , Khalid Malik

Neural networks are ubiquitous in many tasks, but trusting their predictions is an open issue. Uncertainty quantification is required for many applications, and disentangled aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties are best. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Daniel Saromo

The rapid proliferation of highly realistic AI-generated images poses serious security threats such as misinformation and identity fraud. Detecting generated images in open-world settings is particularly challenging when they originate from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Li Wang , Wenyu Chen , Xiangtao Meng , Zheng Li , Shanqing Guo

Estimating uncertainty in image-to-image networks is an important task, particularly as such networks are being increasingly deployed in the biological and medical imaging realms. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to this problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Gilad Kutiel , Regev Cohen , Michael Elad , Daniel Freedman

Classical semantic segmentation methods, including the recent deep learning ones, assume that all classes observed at test time have been seen during training. In this paper, we tackle the more realistic scenario where unexpected objects of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Krzysztof Lis , Krishna Nakka , Pascal Fua , Mathieu Salzmann

Photos serve as a way for humans to record what they experience in their daily lives, and they are often regarded as trustworthy sources of information. However, there is a growing concern that the advancement of artificial intelligence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Zeyu Lu , Di Huang , Lei Bai , Jingjing Qu , Chengyue Wu , Xihui Liu , Wanli Ouyang

With the rapid advancement of vision generation models, the potential security risks stemming from synthetic visual content have garnered increasing attention, posing significant challenges for AI-generated image detection. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xinghan Li , Yue Yu , Xue Song , Haijun Shan , Jingjing Chen

The detection of AI-generated faces is commonly approached as a binary classification task. Nevertheless, the resulting detectors frequently struggle to adapt to novel AI face generators, which evolve rapidly. In this paper, we describe an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Mian Zou , Baosheng Yu , Yibing Zhan , Kede Ma

As generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) advances, the realism of AI generated imagery has reached a threshold capable of deceiving even vigilant human observers. Yet, while current AI-generated Image Detection (AID) approaches perform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Despina Konstantinidou , Dimitrios Karageorgiou , Christos Koutlis , Olga Papadopoulou , Emmanouil Schinas , Symeon Papadopoulos

Context-based detection methods such as DetectGPT achieve strong generalization in identifying AI-generated text by evaluating content compatibility with a model's learned distribution. In contrast, existing image detectors rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Minsuk Jang , Hyunseo Jeong , Minseok Son , Changick Kim

Decomposing prediction uncertainty into aleatoric (irreducible) and epistemic (reducible) components is critical for the reliable deployment of machine learning systems. While the mutual information between the response variable and model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Anchit Jain , Stephen Bates

Image-based simulation, the use of 3D images to calculate physical quantities, fundamentally relies on image segmentation to create the computational geometry. However, this process introduces image segmentation uncertainty because there is…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Michael C. Krygier , Tyler LaBonte , Carianne Martinez , Chance Norris , Krish Sharma , Lincoln N. Collins , Partha P. Mukherjee , Scott A. Roberts

The proliferation of AI-generated imagery poses escalating challenges for multimedia forensics, yet many existing detectors depend on assumptions about the internals of specific generative models, limiting their cross-model applicability.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Nan Zhong , Mian Zou , Yiran Xu , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang , Baoyuan Wu , Kede Ma

The extraordinary ability of generative models enabled the generation of images with such high quality that human beings cannot distinguish Artificial Intelligence (AI) generated images from real-life photographs. The development of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yan Hong , Jianfu Zhang

When collaborating with an AI system, we need to assess when to trust its recommendations. If we mistakenly trust it in regions where it is likely to err, catastrophic failures may occur, hence the need for Bayesian approaches for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Federico Cerutti , Lance M. Kaplan , Angelika Kimmig , Murat Sensoy

While deep neural networks have become the go-to approach in computer vision, the vast majority of these models fail to properly capture the uncertainty inherent in their predictions. Estimating this predictive uncertainty can be crucial,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Martin Danelljan , Thomas B. Schön

With the advancement of generative models, the assessment of generated images becomes more and more important. Previous methods measure distances between features of reference and generated images from trained vision models. In this paper,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Jaehui Hwang , Junghyuk Lee , Jong-Seok Lee