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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) deliver strong vision-language performance but at high computational cost, driven by numerous visual tokens processed by the Vision Transformer (ViT) encoder. Existing token pruning strategies are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yuan Chen , Zichen Wen , Yuzhou Wu , Xuyang Liu , Shuang Chen , Junpeng Ma , Weijia Li , Conghui He , Linfeng Zhang

The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) has laid the foundation for multimodal models. However, visual language models (VLMs) still face heavy computational costs when extended from images to videos due to high frame rates and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Peiran Wu , Zhuorui Yu , Yunze Liu , Chi-Hao Wu , Enmin Zhou , Junxiao Shen

Recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on vision-language understanding tasks, yet their inference efficiency is often hampered by the large number of visual tokens, particularly in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiafei Song , Fengwei Zhou , Jin Qu , Wenjin Jason Li , Tong Wu , Gengjian Xue , Zhikang Zhao , Daomin Wei , Yichao Lu , Bailin Na

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved strong performance across vision-language tasks, but suffer from significant computational overhead due to the quadratic growth of attention computations with the number of multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yingqi Fan , Anhao Zhao , Jinlan Fu , Junlong Tong , Hui Su , Yijie Pan , Wei Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen

Real-world applications are stretching context windows to hundreds of thousand of tokens while Large Language Models (LLMs) swell from billions to trillions of parameters. This dual expansion send compute and memory costs skyrocketing,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Ling Xing , Alex Jinpeng Wang , Rui Yan , Xiangbo Shu , Jinhui Tang

Recent advances on Multi-modal Large Language Models have demonstrated that high-resolution image input is crucial for model capabilities, especially for fine-grained tasks. However, high-resolution images lead to a quadratic increase in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yuke Zhu , Chi Xie , Shuang Liang , Bo Zheng , Sheng Guo

Vision-language models (VLMs) are commonly trained by directly inserting image tokens from a pretrained vision encoder into the text stream of a language model. This allows text and image information to fully attend to one another within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Moritz Böhle , Amélie Royer , Juliette Marrie , Edouard Grave , Patrick Pérez

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from high computational costs due to their massive size and the large number of visual tokens. In this paper, we investigate layer-wise redundancy in MLLMs by introducing a novel metric, Layer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Qianhao Yuan , Qingyu Zhang , Yanjiang Liu , Jiawei Chen , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Jia Zheng , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

The integration of visual inputs with large language models (LLMs) has led to remarkable advancements in multi-modal capabilities, giving rise to visual large language models (VLLMs). However, effectively harnessing VLLMs for intricate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Renjie Pi , Lewei Yao , Jiahui Gao , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enhance their perceptual capabilities by integrating visual and textual information. However, processing the massive number of visual tokens incurs a significant computational cost. Existing analysis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jiedong Zhuang , Lu Lu , Ming Dai , Rui Hu , Jian Chen , Qiang Liu , Haoji Hu

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have been widely adopted to guide vision foundation models in performing reasoning segmentation tasks, achieving impressive performance. However, the substantial computational overhead associated with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Hanning Chen , Yang Ni , Wenjun Huang , Hyunwoo Oh , Yezi Liu , Tamoghno Das , Mohsen Imani

Visual text compression (VTC) promises efficient long-context processing by rendering text into an image and re-encoding it with a vision-language model, often producing $3$--$20\times$ fewer decoder tokens than subword tokenization. Yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Lv Tang , Tianyi Zheng , Yang Liu , Bo Li , Xingyu Li

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) incur high computational costs due to significant redundancy in their visual tokens. To effectively reduce this cost, researchers have proposed various visual token pruning methods. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Wen Luo , Peng Chen , Xiaotao Huang , LiQun Huang

The computational and memory overheads associated with expanding the context window of LLMs severely limit their scalability. A noteworthy solution is vision-text compression (VTC), exemplified by frameworks like DeepSeek-OCR and Glyph,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Hongbo Zhao , Meng Wang , Fei Zhu , Wenzhuo Liu , Bolin Ni , Fanhu Zeng , Gaofeng Meng , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are pivotal for real-world AI tasks like embodied intelligence due to their strong vision-language reasoning abilities. However, current LVLMs process entire images at the token level, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Run Luo , Renke Shan , Longze Chen , Ziqiang Liu , Lu Wang , Min Yang , Xiaobo Xia

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are powerful tools that are capable of reasoning and understanding multimodal information beyond text and language. Despite their entrenched impact, the development of LMMs is hindered by the higher…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Vittorio Pippi , Matthieu Guillaumin , Silvia Cascianelli , Rita Cucchiara , Maximilian Jaritz , Loris Bazzani

The application of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) for analyzing images and videos is an exciting and rapidly evolving field. In recent years, we've seen significant growth in high-quality image-text datasets for fine-tuning image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Han Wang , Yuxiang Nie , Yongjie Ye , Deng GuanYu , Yanjie Wang , Shuai Li , Haiyang Yu , Jinghui Lu , Can Huang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from severe training inefficiency issue, which is associated with their massive model sizes and visual token numbers. Existing efforts in efficient training focus on reducing model sizes or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Dingkun Zhang , Shuhan Qi , Yulin Wu , Xinyu Xiao , Xuan Wang , Long Chen

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have advanced multimodal learning but face high computational costs due to the large number of visual tokens, motivating token pruning to improve inference efficiency. The key challenge lies in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ao Li , Yuxiang Duan , Jinghui Zhang , Congbo Ma , Yutong Xie , Gustavo Carneiro , Mohammad Yaqub , Hu Wang

Conventional Vision-Language Models(VLMs) typically utilize a fixed number of vision tokens, regardless of task complexity. This one-size-fits-all strategy introduces notable inefficiencies: using excessive tokens leads to unnecessary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Junshan Hu , Jialiang Mao , Zhikang Liu , Zhongpu Xia , Peng Jia , Xianpeng Lang