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This study presents a novel model for invertible sentence embeddings using a residual recurrent network trained on an unsupervised encoding task. Rather than the probabilistic outputs common to neural machine translation models, our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Jeremy Wilkerson

Previous theoretical results pertaining to meta-learning on sequences build on contrived assumptions and are somewhat convoluted. We introduce new information-theoretic tools that lead to an elegant and very general decomposition of error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Hong Jun Jeon , Jason D. Lee , Qi Lei , Benjamin Van Roy

Transformer-based models have advanced the field of question answering, but multi-hop reasoning, where answers require combining evidence across multiple passages, remains difficult. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zichen Zhang , Kunlong Zhang , Hongwei Ruan , Yiming Luo

Generative models, such as large language models and text-to-image diffusion models, produce relevant information when presented a query. Different models may produce different information when presented the same query. As the landscape of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Aranyak Acharyya , Michael W. Trosset , Carey E. Priebe , Hayden S. Helm

While vector-based language representations from pretrained language models have set a new standard for many NLP tasks, there is not yet a complete accounting of their inner workings. In particular, it is not entirely clear what aspects of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Matteo Alleman , Jonathan Mamou , Miguel A Del Rio , Hanlin Tang , Yoon Kim , SueYeon Chung

Continuous representation of words is a standard component in deep learning-based NLP models. However, representing a large vocabulary requires significant memory, which can cause problems, particularly on resource-constrained platforms.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Siyu Liao , Jie Chen , Yanzhi Wang , Qinru Qiu , Bo Yuan

Improving reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), especially under parameter constraints, is crucial for real-world applications. Looped transformers address this by performing multiple latent iterations to refine each token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tianyu Fu , Yichen You , Zekai Chen , Guohao Dai , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

The widespread use of large language models (LLMs) raises an important question: how do texts evolve when they are repeatedly processed by LLMs? In this paper, we define this iterative inference process as Markovian generation chains, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Mingmeng Geng , Amr Mohamed , Guokan Shang , Michalis Vazirgiannis , Thierry Poibeau

In this technical note, we study the problem of inverse permutation learning in decoder-only transformers. Given a permutation and a string to which that permutation has been applied, the model is tasked with producing the original…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Rohan Alur , Chris Hays , Manish Raghavan , Devavrat Shah

Recent advances in language models (LMs) have led to significant improvements in quality on complex NLP tasks, but at the expense of increased inference costs. Cascading offers a simple strategy to achieve more favorable cost-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Neha Gupta , Harikrishna Narasimhan , Wittawat Jitkrittum , Ankit Singh Rawat , Aditya Krishna Menon , Sanjiv Kumar

This paper considers the problem of knowledge inference on large-scale imperfect repositories with incomplete coverage by means of embedding entities and relations at the first attempt. We propose IIKE (Imperfect and Incomplete Knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-30 Miao Fan , Qiang Zhou , Thomas Fang Zheng

Deep Learning and Machine Learning based models have become extremely popular in text processing and information retrieval. However, the non-linear structures present inside the networks make these models largely inscrutable. A significant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Sourav Saha , Debapriyo Majumdar , Mandar Mitra

What computational structure are we building into large language models when we train them on next-token prediction? Here, we present evidence that this structure is given by the meta-dynamics of belief updating over hidden states of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Adam S. Shai , Sarah E. Marzen , Lucas Teixeira , Alexander Gietelink Oldenziel , Paul M. Riechers

Idioms are common in everyday language, but often pose a challenge to translators because their meanings do not follow from the meanings of their parts. Despite significant advances, machine translation systems still struggle to translate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Emmy Liu , Aditi Chaudhary , Graham Neubig

Transformer-based language models create hidden representations of their inputs at every layer, but only use final-layer representations for prediction. This obscures the internal decision-making process of the model and the utility of its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Alexander Yom Din , Taelin Karidi , Leshem Choshen , Mor Geva

Following the growing success of generative neural networks in LHC simulations, the crucial question is how to control the networks and assign uncertainties to their event output. We show how Bayesian normalizing flow or invertible networks…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-12-07 Marco Bellagente , Manuel Haußmann , Michel Luchmann , Tilman Plehn

Autoregressive language models have demonstrated a remarkable ability to extract latent structure from text. The embeddings from large language models have been shown to capture aspects of the syntax and semantics of language. But what…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Liyi Zhang , Michael Y. Li , R. Thomas McCoy , Theodore R. Sumers , Jian-Qiao Zhu , Thomas L. Griffiths

Large language models (LLMs) are now used in multi-turn workflows, but we still lack a clear way to measure when iteration helps and when it hurts. We present an evaluation framework for iterative refinement that spans ideation, code, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Shashidhar Reddy Javaji , Bhavul Gauri , Zining Zhu

Instance embeddings are an efficient and versatile image representation that facilitates applications like recognition, verification, retrieval, and clustering. Many metric learning methods represent the input as a single point in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Seong Joon Oh , Kevin Murphy , Jiyan Pan , Joseph Roth , Florian Schroff , Andrew Gallagher

We present a deep generative model for unsupervised text style transfer that unifies previously proposed non-generative techniques. Our probabilistic approach models non-parallel data from two domains as a partially observed parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Junxian He , Xinyi Wang , Graham Neubig , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick