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Rydberg atoms in a gas form are highly sensitive electric field probes capable of detecting and measuring the amplitude, phase, and polarization of broadband time-varying signals. Here, we present the performance of a frequency modulated…

We use a quantum sensor based on thermal Rydberg atoms to receive data encoded in electromagnetic fields in the extreme electrically small regime, with a sensing volume over $10^7$ times smaller than the cube of the electric field…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2018-09-19 Kevin C. Cox , David H. Meyer , Fredrik K. Fatemi , Paul D. Kunz

The accurate radio frequency (RF) ranging and localizing of objects has benefited the researches including autonomous driving, the Internet of Things, and manufacturing. Quantum receivers have been proposed to detect the radio signal with…

Rydberg atom-based sensors use atoms dressed by lasers to detect and measure radio frequency electromagnetic fields. The absorptive properties of the atomic gas, configured as a Rydberg atom-based sensor, change in the presence of a radio…

We demonstrate simultaneous detection of radio-frequency (RF) fields ranging from the very high-frequency (VHF) band (128 MHz) to terahertz frequencies (0.61 THz) using a caesium Rydberg-atom receiver. The RF fields are concurrently applied…

Rydberg atomic sensors have been adopted for novel radio frequency (RF) measurement technique and the sensing capability for signals in multiple frequencies makes it attractive for multi-user communication. However, unlike traditional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-27 Hao Wu , Chongwu Xie , Xinyuan Yao , Kang-Da Wu , Shanchi Wu , Rui Ni , Guo-Yong Xiang , Chen Gong

Recent work has shown the promise of applying deep learning to enhance software processing of radio frequency (RF) signals. In parallel, hardware developments with quantum RF sensors based on Rydberg atoms are breaking longstanding barriers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-24 Pranav Gokhale , Caitlin Carnahan , William Clark , Teague Tomesh , Frederic T. Chong

Quantum mechanics allows measurements that surpass the fundamental sensitivity limits of classical methods. To benefit from the quantum advantage in a practical setting, the receiver should use communication channels resources optimally;…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-26 I. A. Burenkov , O. V. Tikhonova , S. V. Polyakov

Recently, Rydberg atom has emerged as an attractive choice to realize quantum sensing of low-frequency electric field. The progress so far has mostly utilized the intensity and phase changes in probe laser and the corresponding detection…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Ding Wang , Shenchao Jin , Xiayang Fan , Hongjing Li , Jiatian Liu , Jingzheng Huang , Guihua Zeng , Yuan Sun

Rydberg atom-based radio frequency electromagnetic field sensors are drawing wide-spread interest because of their unique properties, such as small size, dielectric construction, and self-calibration. These photonic sensors use lasers to…

Rydberg Atomic REceivers (RAREs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities for radio-frequency signal measurement, enabling advanced quantum wireless sensing. Existing RARE-based sensing systems popularly adopt the heterodyne detection…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Mingyao Cui , Qunsong Zeng , Zhanwei Wang , Kaibin Huang

Recently, we introduced a Rydberg-atom based mixer capable of detecting and measuring the phase of a radio-frequency field through the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes (AT) effect. The ability to measure…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2019-09-10 Christopher L. Holloway , Matthew T. Simons , Joshua A. Gordon , David Novotny

Microwave sensing has important applications in areas such as data communication and remote sensing, so it has received much attention from international academia, industry, and governments. Atomic wireless sensing uses the strong response…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2023-05-29 Bang Liu , Li-Hua Zhang , Zong-Kai Liu , Zi-An Deng , Dong-Sheng Ding , Bao-Sen Shi , Guang-Can Guo

Microwave electric field sensing is of importance for a wide range of applications in areas of remote sensing, radar astronomy and communications. Over the past decade, Rydberg atoms, owing to their exaggerated response to microwave…

This paper presents the Quantum-Power pROfile Based Estimation (PROBE) framework, a Rydberg Atomic Receiver (RARE)-based multi-user angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation approach equipped with a radio-frequency (RF) lens front end. We establish…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Hong-Bae Jeon , Kaibin Huang , Chan-Byoung Chae

Rydberg atom-based antennas exploit the quantum properties of highly excited Rydberg atoms, providing unique advantages over classical antennas, such as high sensitivity, broad frequency range, and compact size. Despite the increasing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-09 Shuai S. A. Yuan , Xinyi Y. I. Xu , Jinpeng Yuan , Guoda Xie , Chongwen Huang , Xiaoming Chen , Zhixiang Huang , Wei E. I. Sha

Rydberg-atom sensors convert radiofrequency, microwave and terahertz fields into optical signals with SI-traceable calibration, high sensitivity, and broad tunability. This review assesses their potential for space applications by comparing…

High-sensitive measurement of radio-frequency (RF) electric field is available via the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect of Rydberg atom at room-temperature, which has been developed to be a promising atomic RF receiver.…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Zhenfei Song , Wanfeng Zhang , Hongping Liu , Xiaochi Liu , Haiyang Zou , Jie Zhang , Jifeng Qu

Quantum sensing and metrology present one of the most promising near-term applications in the field of quantum technologies, with quantum sensors enabling unprecedented precision in measurements of electric, magnetic or gravitational fields…

Rydberg atoms have been shown remarkable performance in sensing microwave field. The sensitivity of such an electrometer based on optical readout of atomic ensemble has been demonstrated to approach the photon-shot-noise limit. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Shuhe Wu , Dong Zhang , Zhengchun Li , Minwei Shi , Peiyu Yang , Jinxian Guo , Wei Du , Guzhi Bao , Weiping Zhang