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This paper presents a method that estimates the respiratory rate based on the frame capturing of wireless local area networks. The method uses beamforming feedback matrices (BFMs) contained in the captured frames, which is a rotation matrix…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-04 T. Kanda , T. Sato , H. Awano , S. Kondo , K. Yamamoto

Respiratory ailments are increasing globally at an alarming rate and are currently one of the leading factors of death and infirmity worldwide. Among respiratory diseases, those linked to poor air quality and pollutants are increasing at a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-03 Shelby Lacouture , Mitchell Kelley , Noah Plues , Laszlo Hunyadi , Emily Sundman , Annette Sobel , Robert V. Duncan

Recently, remote respiratory rate measurement techniques gained much attention as they were developed to overcome the limitations of device-based classical methods and manual counting. Many approaches for RR extraction from the video stream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Petro Franchuk , Tetiana Yezerska

The 6G standard aims to be an integral part of the future economy by providing high-performance communication and sensing services. At terahertz (THz) frequencies, indoor campus networks can offer the highest sensing quality. Health…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-16 Simon Haeger , Akram Najjar , Caner Bektas , Dien Lessy , Mohammed El-Absi , Fawad Sheikh , Stefan Boecker , Thomas Kaiser , Christian Wietfeld

Wi-Fi sensing has become an attractive option for non-invasive monitoring of human activities and vital signs. This paper explores the feasibility of using state-of-the-art commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices for Wi-Fi sensing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Jiuyu Liu , Yi Ma , Rahim Tafazolli

Body sounds provide rich information about the state of the human body and can be useful in many medical applications. Auscultation, the practice of listening to body sounds, has been used for centuries in respiratory and cardiac medicine…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Shyam A. Tailor , Jagmohan Chauhan , Cecilia Mascolo

Breathing is one of the most important body functions because it provides it with oxygen, which is vital for energy production. In addition, the removal of carbon dioxide actively regulates the acid-base level, which is essential for the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-18 Janosch Kunczik , Kerstin Hubbermann , Lucas Mösch , Andreas Follmann , Michael Czaplik , Carina Barbosa Pereira

Respiratory rate (RR) is a clinical metric used to assess overall health and physical fitness. An individual's RR can change from their baseline due to chronic illness symptoms (e.g., asthma, congestive heart failure), acute illness (e.g.,…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Agni Kumar , Vikramjit Mitra , Carolyn Oliver , Adeeti Ullal , Matt Biddulph , Irida Mance

This paper introduces a Wi-Fi signal based passive wireless sensing system that has the capability to detect diverse indoor human movements, from whole body motions to limb movements and including breathing movements of the chest. The real…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-14 Bo Tan , Alison Burrows , Robert Piechocki , Ian Craddock , Karl Woodbridge , Kevin Chetty

In the coming 6G communications, the internet of things (IoT) serves as a key enabler to collect environmental information and is expected to achieve ubiquitous deployment. However, it is challenging for traditional IoT sensors to meet this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-07 Jingzhi Hu , Hongliang Zhang , Boya Di , Kaigui Bian , Lingyang Song

The past few years have witnessed the great potential of exploiting channel state information retrieved from commodity WiFi devices for respiration monitoring. However, existing approaches only work when the target is close to the WiFi…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-13 Youwei Zeng , Dan Wu , Jie Xiong , Enze Yi , Ruiyang Gao , Daqing Zhang

Internet of Things (IoTs) is an emerging trend that has enabled an upgrade in the design of wearable healthcare monitoring systems through the (integrated) edge, fog, and cloud computing paradigm. Energy efficiency is one of the most…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-20 Ayesha Siddique , Osman Hasan , Faiq Khalid , Muhammad Shafique

Indoor Positioning System (IPS) is a crucial technology that enables medical staff and hospital managements to accurately locate and track persons or assets inside the medical buildings. Among other technologies, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-24 Silvano Cortesi , Marc Dreher , Michele Magno

Wireless communications among wearable and implantable devices implement the information exchange around the human body. Wireless body area network (WBAN) technology enables non-invasive applications in our daily lives. Wireless connected…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Smone Soderi

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is widely used in modern IoT systems because it consumes very little power, saves energy, and allows for simple device connectivity; however, maintaining security and communication reliability remains a challenge.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Nitesh Yadav , Vashisht Kumar , Sachin Kadam

Contact-free detection of human vital signs like heart rate and respiration rate will improve the patients' comfort and enables long-term monitoring of newborns or bedridden patients. For that, reliable and safe measurement techniques are…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-07-28 Roman Kusche , Fabian John , Marco Cimdins , Horst Hellbrueck

The respiratory viral diseases, such as those caused by the family of coronaviruses, can be extremely contagious and spread through saliva droplets generated by coughing, sneezing, or breathing. In humans, the most common symptoms of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-03-24 Yesin Sahraoui , Ahmed Korichi , Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache , Muhammad Bilal , Marica Amadeo

Approximately 10\% of newborns require assistance to initiate breathing at birth, and around 5\% need ventilation support. Fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring plays a crucial role in assessing fetal well-being during prenatal care, enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Kjersti Engan , Neel Kanwal , Anita Yeconia , Ladislaus Blacy , Yuda Munyaw , Estomih Mduma , Hege Ersdal

Respiratory diseases account for a significant portion of global mortality. Affordable and early detection is an effective way of addressing these ailments. To this end, a low-cost commercial off-the-shelf (COTS), IEEE 802.15.4z standard…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-22 Anton Lambrecht , Stijn Luchie , Jaron Fontaine , Ben Van Herbruggen , Adnan Shahid , Eli De Poorter

Approximately 10% of newborns require assistance to initiate breathing at birth, and around 5% need ventilation support. Fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring plays a crucial role in assessing fetal well-being during prenatal care, enabling the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Kjersti Engan , Neel Kanwal , Anita Yeconia , Ladislaus Blacy , Yuda Munyaw , Estomih Mduma , Hege Ersdal