Related papers: On The Whisker Topology
The topological fundamental group $\pi_{1}^{top}$ is a topological invariant that assigns to each space a quasi-topological group and is discrete on spaces which are well behaved locally. For a totally path-disconnected, Hausdorff, unbased…
In this paper, by introducing some kind of small loop transfer spaces at a point, we study the behavior of topologized fundamental groups with the compact-open topology and the whisker topology, $\pi_{1}^{qtop}(X,x_{0})$ and…
By generalizing the whisker topology on the $n$th homotopy group of pointed space $(X, x_0)$, denoted by $\pi_n^{wh}(X, x_0)$, we show that $\pi_n^{wh}(X, x_0)$ is a topological group if $n \ge 2$. Also, we present some necessary and…
The quasitopological fundamental group $\pi_{1}^{qtop}(X,x_0)$ is the fundamental group endowed with the natural quotient topology inherited from the space of based loops and is typically non-discrete when $X$ does not admit a traditional…
In this work we introduce the idea that the primary application of topology in experimental sciences is to keep track of what can be distinguished through experimentation. This link provides understanding and justification as to why…
The topological fundamental group $\pi_{1}^{top}$ is a homotopy invariant finer than the usual fundamental group. It assigns to each space a quasitopological group and is discrete on spaces which admit universal covers. For an arbitrary…
Topological methods have the potential of exploring data clouds without making assumptions on their the structure. Here we propose a hierarchical topological clustering algorithm that can be implemented with any distance choice. The…
This paper is the extended version of some results in [13, 14]. Let H be a subgroup of fundamental group. The first paper of the paper is devoted to studying weaker conditions under which homotopically Hausdorff relative to H becomes…
Let $X$ be a path connected, locally path connected and semilocally simply connected space; let $\tilde{X}$ be its universal cover. We discuss the existence and description of a Haar system on the fundamental groupoid $\Pi_1(X)$ of $X$. The…
Let $p:X\rightarrow X/A$ be a quotient map, where $A$ is a subspace of $X$. We explore conditions under which $p_*(\pi_1^{qtop}(X,x_0))$ is dense in $\pi_1^{qtop}(X/A,*))$, where the fundamental groups enjoy the natural quotient topology…
We investigate some properties of topological groups related to disconnectedness or Archimedeanness. We prove or disprove the preservation of those under operations as subgroups, quotients, products, etc. Characterizations of…
Topological metals are special conducting materials with gapless band structures and nontrivial edge-localized resonances, whose discovery has proved elusive because the traditional topological classification methods do not apply in this…
Topological phases of matter are classified based on their Hermitian Hamiltonians, whose real-valued dispersions together with orthogonal eigenstates form nontrivial topology. In the recently discovered higher-order topological insulators…
Uchillo-Ibanez et al. introduced a topology on the sets of shape morphisms between arbitrary topological spaces in 1999. In this paper, applying a similar idea, we introduce a topology on the set of coarse shape morphisms $Sh^*(X,Y)$, for…
The paper is devoted to study the structure of Hawaiian groups of some topological spaces. We present some behaviors of Hawaiian groups with respect to product spaces, weak join spaces, cone spaces, covering spaces and locally trivial…
While topology can impose obstructions to exponentially localized Wannier functions, certain topological insulators are exempt from such Wannier obstructions. The absence of the Wannier obstructions can further accompany topological…
Uncountably many mutually non-isomorphic product systems (that is, continuous tensor products of Hilbert spaces) of types II-0 and III are constructed by probabilistic means (random sets and off-white noises), answering four questions of W.…
It is important to classify covering subgroups of the fundamental group of a topological space using their topological properties in the topologized fundamental group. In this paper, we introduce and study some topologies on the fundamental…
Although topological materials have recently seen tremendous development, their applications have remained elusive. Simultaneously, there exists considerable interest in pushing the limits of topological materials, including the exploration…
Topology, a well-established concept in mathematics, has nowadays become essential to describe condensed matter. At its core are chiral electron states on the bulk, surfaces and edges of the condensed matter systems, in which spin and…