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When considering large sets of molecules, it is helpful to place them in the context of a "chemical space" - a multidimensional space defined by a set of descriptors that can be used to visualize and analyze compound grouping as well as…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-02-01 Monee Y. McGrady , Sean M. Colby , Jamie R Nuñez , Ryan S. Renslow , Thomas O. Metz

Deep generative models are able to suggest new organic molecules by generating strings, trees, and graphs representing their structure. While such models allow one to generate molecules with desirable properties, they give no guarantees…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-05 John Bradshaw , Brooks Paige , Matt J. Kusner , Marwin H. S. Segler , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Many approaches to program synthesis perform a search within an enormous space of programs to find one that satisfies a given specification. Prior works have used neural models to guide combinatorial search algorithms, but such approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Kensen Shi , Hanjun Dai , Kevin Ellis , Charles Sutton

We present an extension of our Molecular Transformer architecture combined with a hyper-graph exploration strategy for automatic retrosynthesis route planning without human intervention. The single-step retrosynthetic model sets a new state…

Biopharmaceutical manufacturing faces critical challenges, including complexity, high variability, lengthy lead time, and limited historical data and knowledge of the underlying system stochastic process. To address these challenges, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Hua Zheng , Wei Xie , Mingbin Ben Feng

Identification and verification of molecular properties such as side effects is one of the most important and time-consuming steps in the process of molecule synthesis. For example, failure to identify side effects before submission to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-12 Collin Beaudoin , Koustubh Phalak , Swaroop Ghosh

Reliably predicting the products of chemical reactions presents a fundamental challenge in synthetic chemistry. Existing machine learning approaches typically produce a reaction product by sequentially forming its subparts or intermediate…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 Hangrui Bi , Hengyi Wang , Chence Shi , Connor Coley , Jian Tang , Hongyu Guo

Retrosynthesis is a procedure where a target molecule is transformed into potential reactants and thus the synthesis routes can be identified. Recently, computational approaches have been developed to accelerate the design of synthesis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Ziqi Chen , Oluwatosin R. Ayinde , James R. Fuchs , Huan Sun , Xia Ning

Language models are revolutionizing the biochemistry domain, assisting scientists in drug design and chemical synthesis with high efficiency. Yet current approaches struggle between small language models prone to hallucination and limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Hao Li , He Cao , Shenyao Peng , Zijing Liu , Bin Feng , Yu Wang , Zhiyuan Yan , Yonghong Tian , Yu Li , Li Yuan

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest health problem, especially in the current period of COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the unique membrane-destruction bactericidal mechanism, antimicrobial peptide-mimetic copolymers are paid more…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-12-09 Tianyu Wu , Yang Tang

Traditional AI methods often rely on task-specific model designs and training, which constrain both the scalability of model size and generalization across different tasks. Here, we introduce ChemFM, a large foundation model specifically…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Feiyang Cai , Katelin Zacour , Tianyu Zhu , Tzuen-Rong Tzeng , Yongping Duan , Ling Liu , Srikanth Pilla , Gang Li , Feng Luo

Molecular circuits capable of autonomous learning could unlock novel applications in fields such as bioengineering and synthetic biology. To this end, existing chemical implementations of neural computing have mainly relied on emulating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Rajiv Teja Nagipogu , John H. Reif

Datasets in the Natural Sciences are often curated with the goal of aiding scientific understanding and hence may not always be in a form that facilitates the application of machine learning. In this paper, we identify three trends within…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-05-07 Ryan-Rhys Griffiths , Philippe Schwaller , Alpha A. Lee

The diffusion-driven Turing instability is a potential mechanism for spatial pattern formation in numerous biological and chemical systems. However, engineering these patterns and demonstrating that they are produced by this mechanism is…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Antonio Matas-Gil , Robert G. Endres

The discovery of new catalysts is essential for the design of new and more efficient chemical processes in order to transition to a sustainable future. We introduce an AI-guided computational screening framework unifying linguistic…

Finite mixtures are a broad class of models useful in scenarios where observed data is generated by multiple distinct processes but without explicit information about the responsible process for each data point. Estimating Bayesian mixture…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Šimon Kucharský , Paul Christian Bürkner

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in early-stage drug discovery offers unprecedented opportunities for exploring chemical space and accelerating hit-to-lead optimization. However, docking optimization in generative approaches…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-03 Ekaterina Podplutova , Anastasia Vepreva , Olga A. Konovalova , Vladimir Vinogradov , Dmitrii O. Shkil , Andrei Dmitrenko

Organic chemistry is undergoing a major paradigm shift, moving from a labor-intensive approach to a new era dominated by automation and artificial intelligence (AI). This transformative shift is being driven by technological advances, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Chengchun Liu , Yuntian Chen , Fanyang Mo

Forward and inverse models are used throughout different engineering fields to predict and understand the behaviour of systems and to find parameters from a set of observations. These models use root-finding and minimisation techniques…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Preslav Aleksandrov

The synthesis of inorganic crystalline materials is essential for modern technology, especially in quantum materials development. However, designing efficient synthesis workflows remains a significant challenge due to the precise…