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We demonstrate in a superconducting qubit the conditional recovery ("uncollapsing") of a quantum state after a partial-collapse measurement. A weak measurement extracts information and results in a non-unitary transformation of the qubit…

We establish a framework for realizing back-action-evading (BAE) measurements and quantum non-demolition (QND) variables in linear quantum systems. The key condition, a purely imaginary Hamiltonian with a real or imaginary coupling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Zhiyuan Dong , Weichao Liang , Guofeng Zhang

A simple and efficient quantum non-demolition measurement (QND) scheme is proposed in which the arrival of a signal photon is detected without affecting the qubit state. The proposed QND scheme functions even if the ancillary photon is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kunihiro Kojima , Akihisa Tomita

We discuss the characterization and properties of quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements on qubit systems. We introduce figures of merit which can be applied to systems of any Hilbert space dimension thus providing universal criteria for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 T. C. Ralph , S. D. Bartlett , J. L. O'Brien , G. J. Pryde , H. M. Wiseman

One of the main postulates of quantum mechanics is that measurements destroy quantum coherence (wave function collapse). Recently it was discovered that in a many-body system dilute local measurements still preserve some coherence across…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Aleksei Khindanov , Igor L. Aleiner , Lara Faoro , Lev B. Ioffe

Consecutive quantum measurements performed on the same system can reveal fundamental insights into quantum theory's causal structure, and probe different aspects of the quantum measurement problem. According to the Copenhagen…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-03 Jennifer R. Glick , Christoph Adami

Thorough control of quantum measurement is key to the development of quantum information technologies. Many measurements are destructive, removing more information from the system than they obtain. Quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements…

The changes that quantum states undergo during measurement are both probabilistic and nonlocal. These two characteristics complement one another to insure compatibility with relativity and maintain conservation laws. The probabilistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Edward J. Gillis

The quantum theory of indirect measurements in physical systems is studied. The example of an indirect measurement of an observable represented by a self-adjoint operator $\mathcal{N}$ with finite spectrum is analysed in detail. The…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-09-12 M. Ballesteros , N. Crawford , M. Fraas , J. Fröhlich , B. Schubnel

Two categories of results regarding quantum measurements are derived in this work and applied to the problem of collapse. The first category is concerned with local and transient features of the entanglement between a macroscopic measuring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-01 Roland Omnès

We show that long standing debates on the collapse and the role of the observer in quantum mechanics can be resolved experimentally via a nondistructive continuous monitoring of a single quantum system. An example of such a system, coupled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. A. Gurvitz

In this short communication, I gave a generalization of measurement postulate in quantum mechanics. It is regarding the case with partial measurement, namely, measurement on only part of a wave function. Upon a partial measurement, the…

General Physics · Physics 2021-06-04 Gui-Lu Long

An extensive debate on quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement, reviewed in Grangier et al. [Nature, {\bf 396}, 537 (1998)], finds that true QND measurements must have both non-classical state-preparation capability and non-classical…

The conventional method of qubit measurements in circuit QED is employing the dispersive regime of qubit-cavity coupling, which results in an approximated scheme of quantum nondemolition (QND) readout. This scheme becomes problematic in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-12 Wei Feng , Cheng Zhang , Zhong Wang , Lupei Qin , Xin-Qi Li

A general discussion is given for first-kind (FK) and quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements. The general conditions for these measurements are derived, including the most general one (called the weak condition), an intermediate one, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Akira Shimizu , Kazuko Fujita

A general quantum measurement on an unknown quantum state enables us to estimate what the state originally was. Simultaneously, the measurement has a destructive effect on a measured quantum state which is reflected by the decrease of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-16 Ladislav Mišta , Radim Filip

We show that quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements can be used to realize measurement-based imaginary time evolution. In our proposed scheme, repeated weak QND measurements are used to estimate the energy of a given Hamiltonian. Based on…

Measurement in quantum mechanics is generally described as an irreversible process that perturbs the wavefunction describing a quantum system. In this work we establish a formal connection between the measurement description within the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-17 Fabio L. Traversa , Guillermo Albareda

We study the conservation of energy, or lack thereof, when measurements are performed in quantum mechanics. The expectation value of the Hamiltonian of a system can clearly change when wave functions collapse in accordance with the standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-18 Sean M. Carroll , Jackie Lodman

The impossibility of measuring noncommuting quantum mechanical observables is one of the most fascinating consequences of the quantum mechanical postulates. Hence, to date the investigation of quantum measurement and projection is a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2010-09-06 Adam Bednorz , Wolfgang Belzig