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In nonequilibrium systems, the relative fluctuation of a current has a universal trade-off relation with the entropy production, called the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR). For systems with broken time reversal symmetry, its…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-10-04 Jong-Min Park , Hyunggyu Park

We use the fundamental nonequilibrium steady-state fluctuation symmetry and derive a condition on the validity of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) in thermal transport problems, classical or quantum alike. We test this condition…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-10-09 Sushant Saryal , Hava Friedman , Dvira Segal , Bijay Kumar Agarwalla

The Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation (TUR) is a lower bound for the variance of a current as a function of the average entropy production and average current. Depending on the assumptions, one obtains different versions of the TUR. For…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-01-04 Domingos S. P. Salazar

Recent years have witnessed a surge of discoveries in the studies of thermodynamic inequalities: the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) and the entropic bound (EB) provide a lower bound on the entropy production (EP) in terms of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-08-06 Euijoon Kwon , Jong-Min Park , Jae Sung Lee , Yongjoo Baek

The stochastic thermodynamics provides a framework for the description of systems that are out of thermodynamic equilibrium. It is based on the assumption that the elementary constituents are acted by random forces that generate a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-06-26 Mário J. de Oliveira

Our knowledge of quantum mechanics can satisfactorily describe simple, microscopic systems, but is yet to explain the macroscopic everyday phenomena we observe. Here we aim to shed some light on the quantum-to-classical transition as seen…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-14 Isadora Veeren , Fernando de Melo

Markedly increased computational power and data acquisition have led to growing interest in data-driven inverse dynamics problems. These seek to answer a fundamental question: What can we learn from time series measurements of a complex…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-29 Jinghao Lyu , Kyle J. Ray , James P. Crutchfield

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) delineate tradeoff relations between the thermodynamic cost and the magnitude of an observable's fluctuation. While TURs have been established for various nonequilibrium systems, their…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-06-23 Hyeong-Tark Han , Jae Sung Lee , Jae-Hyung Jeon

The precision of nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems is fundamentally limited, yet how quantum coherence shapes these limits remains largely unexplored. A general theoretical framework is introduced that explicitly links quantum coherence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Shanhe Su , Cong Fu , Ousi Pan , Shihao Xia , Fei Liu , Jincan Chen

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation, originally derived for classical Markov-jump processes, provides a trade-off relation between precision and dissipation, deepening our understanding of the performance of quantum thermal machines.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-31 Junjie Liu , Dvira Segal

We analyze F\"urth's 1933 classical uncertainty relations in the modern language of stochastic differential equations. Our interest is motivated by applications to non-equilibrium classical statistical mechanics. We show that F\"urth's…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-11-11 Paolo Muratore-Ginanneschi , Luca Peliti

Uncertainty relations (URs) like the Heisenberg-Robertson or the time-energy UR are often considered to be hallmarks of quantum theory. Here, a simple derivation of these URs is presented based on a single classical inequality from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-14 Florian Fröwis , Roman Schmied , Nicolas Gisin

Quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relations establish fundamental trade-offs between the precision achievable in quantum systems and associated thermodynamic quantities such as entropy production or dynamical activity. While foundational,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Nobumasa Ishida , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

We provide a minimal strategy for the quantitative analysis of a large class of non-equilibrium systems in a {statistically} steady state using the short-time Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation (TUR). From short-time trajectory data…

We review the trade-offs between speed, fluctuations, and thermodynamic cost involved with biological processes in nonequilibrium states, and discuss how optimal these processes are in light of the universal bound set by the thermodynamic…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-02-28 Yonghyun Song , Changbong Hyeon

We extend a class of recently derived thermodynamic uncertainty relations to vector-valued observables. In contrast to the scalar-valued observables examined previously, this multidimensional thermodynamic uncertainty relation provides a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-10-22 Andreas Dechant

Understanding current fluctuations is of fundamental importance and paves the way for the development of practical applications. According to the thermodynamic and kinetic uncertainty relations, the precision of currents can be constrained…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-10-06 Van Tuan Vo , Tan Van Vu , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

Entropic uncertainty relations (EURs) have been examined in various contexts, primarily in qubit systems, including their links with entanglement, as they subsume the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. With their genesis in the Shannon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-21 Soumyabrata Paul , S. Lakshmibala , V. Balakrishnan , S. Ramanan

In a finite system driven out of equilibrium by a constant external force the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) bounds the variance of the conjugate current variable by the thermodynamic cost of maintaining the non-equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-08-17 David Hartich , Aljaz Godec

Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations express a trade-off between precision, defined as the noise-to-signal ratio of a generic current, and the amount of associated entropy production. These results have deep consequences for autonomous heat…