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The thermodynamics and kinetics of a nonequilibrium classical system fundamentally constrain the precision of an observable regarding the celebrated thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) and the kinetic uncertainty relation (KUR). They…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Kangqiao Liu , Jie Gu

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) are recently established relations between the relative uncertainty of time-integrated currents and entropy production in nonequilibrium systems. For small perturbations away from equilibrium,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-05 Katarzyna Macieszczak , Kay Brandner , Juan P. Garrahan

We introduce a new technique to bound the fluctuations exhibited by a physical system, based on the Euclidean geometry of the space of observables. Through a simple unifying argument, we derive a sweeping generalization of so-called…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-06-24 Gianmaria Falasco , Massimiliano Esposito , Jean-Charles Delvenne

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) is a fundamental principle in non-equilibrium thermodynamics that relates entropy production to fluctuations in a system, establishing a trade-off between the precision of an observable and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 Arghya Maity , Ahana Ghoshal

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) are a set of inequalities expressing a fundamental trade-off between precision and dissipation in non-equilibrium classical and quantum thermodynamic processes. TURs show that achieving low…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Mario Motta , Antonio Mezzacapo , Giacomo Guarnieri

We derive a universal thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) that applies to an arbitrary observable in a general Markovian system. The generality of our result allows us to make two findings: (1) for an arbitrary out-of-equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-06-07 Liu Ziyin , Masahito Ueda

A cost-precision trade-off relationship, the so-called thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), has been recently discovered in stochastic thermodynamics. It bounds certain thermodynamic observables in terms of the associated entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-05-27 Soham Pal , Sushant Saryal , Dvira Segal , T. S. Mahesh , Bijay Kumar Agarwalla

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) express a fundamental tradeoff between the precision (inverse scaled variance) of any thermodynamic current by functionals of the average entropy production. Relying on purely variational…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-11-28 Kyle J. Ray , Alexander B. Boyd , Giacomo Guarnieri , James P. Crutchfield

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) represent one of the few broad-based and fundamental relations in our toolbox for tackling the thermodynamics of nonequilibrium systems. One form of TUR quantifies the minimal energetic cost of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-07-26 Daniel Reiche , Jen-Tsung Hsiang , Bei-Lok Hu

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) describes a trade-off relation between nonequilibrium currents and entropy production and serves as a fundamental principle of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. However, currently known TURs…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-30 Kangqiao Liu , Zongping Gong , Masahito Ueda

From the perspective of Markovian piecewise deterministic processes (PDPs), we investigate the derivation of a kinetic uncertainty relation (KUR), which was originally proposed in Markovian open quantum systems. First, stationary…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-08-09 Fei Liu

We derive a thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) for systems with unidirectional transitions. The uncertainty relation involves a mixture of thermodynamic and dynamic terms. Namely, the entropy production from bidirectional transitions,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-30 Arnab Pal , Shlomi Reuveni , Saar Rahav

The precision and response of trajectory observables offer valuable insights into the behavior of nonequilibrium systems. For classical systems, trade-offs between these characteristics and thermodynamic costs, such as entropy production…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Tan Van Vu

We examine the so-called thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), a cost-precision trade-off relationship in transport systems. Based on the fluctuation symmetry, we derive a condition on the validity of the TUR for general nonequilibrium…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-10-31 Bijay Kumar Agarwalla , Dvira Segal

Thermodynamic (TUR) and kinetic (KUR) uncertainty relations are fundamental bounds constraining the fluctuations of current observables in classical, non-equilibrium systems. Several works have verified, however, violations of these…

Fluctuations are intrinsic to microscopic systems and impose fundamental limits on nonequilibrium precision, as captured by the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), which links current fluctuations to entropy production. While feedback…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Ryotaro Honma , Tan Van Vu

The thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) provide lower bounds on the entropy production (EP) of a system in terms of the statistical precision of an arbitrary current in that system. All conventional TURs derived so far have concerned…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-19 Gülce Kardeş , David H. Wolpert

We derive a thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) under quantum continuous measurement and feedback control. By incorporating the quantum-classical-transfer entropy, which quantifies the information gained by continuous measurement, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-20 Kaito Tojo , Takahiro Sagawa , Ken Funo

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) imposes a fundamental constraint between current fluctuations and entropy production, providing a refined formulation of the second law for micro- and nanoscale systems. Quantum violations of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Yang Li , Fu-Lin Zhang

For classic systems, the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) states that the fluctuations of a current have a lower bound in terms of the entropy production. Some TURs are rooted in information theory, particularly derived from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Domingos S. P. Salazar
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