English
Related papers

Related papers: Frontier Models are Capable of In-context Scheming

200 papers

Large language models (LLMs) can sometimes report the strategies they actually use to solve tasks, yet at other times seem unable to recognize those strategies that govern their behavior. This suggests a limited degree of metacognition -…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Li Ji-An , Hua-Dong Xiong , Robert C. Wilson , Marcelo G. Mattar , Marcus K. Benna

Recent advances in deep learning have brought attention to the possibility of creating advanced, general AI systems that outperform humans across many tasks. However, if these systems pursue unintended goals, there could be catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Dylan Xu , Juan-Pablo Rivera

In order to be useful in the real world, AI agents need to plan and act in the presence of others, who may include adversarial and cooperative entities. In this paper, we consider the problem where an autonomous agent needs to act in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Anagha Kulkarni , Siddharth Srivastava , Subbarao Kambhampati

Motivated by the phenomenon of strategic agents gaming a recommender system to maximize the number of times they are recommended to users, we study a strategic variant of the linear contextual bandit problem, where the arms can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Thomas Kleine Buening , Aadirupa Saha , Christos Dimitrakakis , Haifeng Xu

Autonomous AI agents powered by Large Language Models can reason, plan, and execute complex tasks, but their ability to autonomously retrieve information and run code introduces significant security risks. Existing approaches attempt to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Hongyi Lu , Nian Liu , Shuai Wang , Fengwei Zhang

This paper examines the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) from a novel perspective, focusing on their ability to operate within formally specified, rule-governed environments. We evaluate four LLMs (Gemini 2.5 Pro and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Maciej Świechowski , Adam Żychowski , Jacek Mańdziuk

As ongoing research explores the ability of AI agents to be insider threats and act against company interests, we showcase the abilities of such agents to act against human well being in service of corporate authority. Building on Agentic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Thomas Rivasseau

Navigating dilemmas involving conflicting values is challenging even for humans in high-stakes domains, let alone for AI, yet prior work has been limited to everyday scenarios. To close this gap, we introduce CLASH (Character…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ayoung Lee , Ryan Sungmo Kwon , Peter Railton , Lu Wang

Language Model (LM) agents for cybersecurity that are capable of autonomously identifying vulnerabilities and executing exploits have potential to cause real-world impact. Policymakers, model providers, and researchers in the AI and…

Agentic systems have transformed how Large Language Models (LLMs) can be leveraged to create autonomous systems with goal-directed behaviors, consisting of multi-step planning and the ability to interact with different environments. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Judy Zhu , Dhari Gandhi , Himanshu Joshi , Ahmad Rezaie Mianroodi , Sedef Akinli Kocak , Dhanesh Ramachandran

Autonomous inspection in hazardous environments requires AI agents that can interpret high-level goals and execute precise control. A key capability for such agents is spatial grounding, for example when a drone must center a detected…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xian Yeow Lee , Lasitha Vidyaratne , Gregory Sin , Ahmed Farahat , Chetan Gupta

Automated control monitors could play an important role in overseeing highly capable AI agents that we do not fully trust. Prior work has explored control monitoring in simplified settings, but scaling monitoring to real-world deployments…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 David Lindner , Charlie Griffin , Tomek Korbak , Roland S. Zimmermann , Geoffrey Irving , Sebastian Farquhar , Alan Cooney

Medical AI, including clinical language models, vision-language models, and multimodal health record models, already summarizes notes, answers questions, and supports decisions. Their adaptation to new populations, specialties, or care…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Michelle M. Li , Ben Y. Reis , Adam Rodman , Tianxi Cai , Noa Dagan , Ran D. Balicer , Joseph Loscalzo , Isaac S. Kohane , Marinka Zitnik

Large language models (LLMs) have brought autonomous agents closer to artificial general intelligence (AGI) due to their promising generalization and emergent capabilities. There is, however, a lack of studies on how LLM-based agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yanan Chen , Ali Pesaranghader , Tanmana Sadhu , Dong Hoon Yi

Large language models (LLMs) are currently at the forefront of intertwining artificial intelligence (AI) systems with human communication and everyday life. Thus, aligning them with human values is of great importance. However, given the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Thilo Hagendorff

Can generative agents be trusted in multimodal environments? Despite advances in large language and vision-language models that enable agents to act autonomously and pursue goals in rich settings, their ability to reason about safety,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Alhim Vera , Karen Sanchez , Carlos Hinojosa , Haidar Bin Hamid , Donghoon Kim , Bernard Ghanem

Agentic systems operating over large tool ecosystems must plan and execute long-horizon workflows under weak or non-verifiable supervision. While frontier models mitigate these challenges through scale and large context budgets, small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Karan Gupta , Pranav Vajreshwari , Yash Pandya , Raghav Magazine , Akshay Nambi , Ahmed Awadallah

We explore the ability of large language models (LLMs) to engage in subtle deception through strategically phrasing and intentionally manipulating information. This harmful behavior can be hard to detect, unlike blatant lying or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Atharvan Dogra , Krishna Pillutla , Ameet Deshpande , Ananya B Sai , John Nay , Tanmay Rajpurohit , Ashwin Kalyan , Balaraman Ravindran

The development of AI agents based on large, open-domain language models (LLMs) has paved the way for the development of general-purpose AI assistants that can support human in tasks such as writing, coding, graphic design, and scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Mustafa Mert Çelikok , Saptarashmi Bandyopadhyay , Robert Loftin

Activation monitoring, which probes a model's internal states using lightweight classifiers, is an emerging tool for AI safety. However, its worst-case robustness under a misalignment threat model--where a model might learn to actively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Max McGuinness , Alex Serrano , Luke Bailey , Scott Emmons