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Rapidly developing large language models (LLMs) have brought tremendous intelligent applications. Especially, the GPT-4o's excellent duplex speech interaction ability has brought impressive experience to users. Researchers have recently…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Xiong Wang , Yangze Li , Chaoyou Fu , Yunhang Shen , Lei Xie , Ke Li , Xing Sun , Long Ma

Recent advances in language models have achieved significant progress. GPT-4o, as a new milestone, has enabled real-time conversations with humans, demonstrating near-human natural fluency. Such human-computer interaction necessitates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Zhifei Xie , Changqiao Wu

The emergence of GPT-4o-like large multimodal models (LMMs) has raised the exploration of integrating text, vision, and speech modalities to support more flexible multimodal interaction. Existing LMMs typically concatenate representation of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Shaolei Zhang , Shoutao Guo , Qingkai Fang , Yan Zhou , Yang Feng

Models like GPT-4o enable real-time interaction with large language models (LLMs) through speech, significantly enhancing user experience compared to traditional text-based interaction. However, there is still a lack of exploration on how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Qingkai Fang , Shoutao Guo , Yan Zhou , Zhengrui Ma , Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

Textless spoken language models (SLMs) are generative models of speech that do not rely on text supervision. Most textless SLMs learn to predict the next semantic token, a discrete representation of linguistic content, and rely on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Ju-Chieh Chou , Jiawei Zhou , Karen Livescu

The rapid advancement of speech generation technologies in the era of large language models (LLMs) has established discrete speech tokens as a foundational paradigm for speech representation. These tokens, characterized by their discrete,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-15 Yiwei Guo , Zhihan Li , Hankun Wang , Bohan Li , Chongtian Shao , Hanglei Zhang , Chenpeng Du , Xie Chen , Shujie Liu , Kai Yu

With the rise of Speech Large Language Models (SpeechLLMs), two dominant approaches have emerged for speech processing: discrete tokens and continuous features. Each approach has demonstrated strong capabilities in audio-related processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Dingdong Wang , Junan Li , Mingyu Cui , Dongchao Yang , Xueyuan Chen , Helen Meng

We present M2-omni, a cutting-edge, open-source omni-MLLM that achieves competitive performance to GPT-4o. M2-omni employs a unified multimodal sequence modeling framework, which empowers Large Language Models(LLMs) to acquire comprehensive…

Full-duplex spoken dialogue systems significantly surpass traditional turn-based dialogue systems, as they allow simultaneous bidirectional communication, closely mirroring human-human interactions. However, achieving low latency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Qinglin Zhang , Luyao Cheng , Chong Deng , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Siqi Zheng , Jiaqing Liu , Hai Yu , Chaohong Tan , Zhihao Du , Shiliang Zhang

The fusion of speech and language in the era of large language models has garnered significant attention. Discrete speech token is often utilized in text-to-speech tasks for speech compression and portability, which is convenient for joint…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yixing Li , Ruobing Xie , Xingwu Sun , Yu Cheng , Zhanhui Kang

With the rise of Speech Large Language Models (Speech LLMs), there has been growing interest in discrete speech tokens for their ability to integrate with text-based tokens seamlessly. Compared to most studies that focus on continuous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Dingdong Wang , Mingyu Cui , Dongchao Yang , Xueyuan Chen , Helen Meng

In order to enable fluid and natural human-machine speech interaction, existing full-duplex conversational systems often adopt modular architectures with auxiliary components such as voice activity detectors, interrupters, conversation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Wenyi Yu , Siyin Wang , Xiaoyu Yang , Xianzhao Chen , Xiaohai Tian , Jun Zhang , Guangzhi Sun , Lu Lu , Yuxuan Wang , Chao Zhang

Currently, large language models (LLMs) predominantly focus on the text modality. To enable more natural human-AI interaction, speech LLMs are emerging, but building effective end-to-end speech LLMs remains challenging due to limited data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yan Zhou , Qingkai Fang , Yun Hong , Yang Feng

GPT-4o, an all-encompassing model, represents a milestone in the development of large multi-modal language models. It can understand visual, auditory, and textual modalities, directly output audio, and support flexible duplex interaction.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-06 Zhifei Xie , Changqiao Wu

Multimodal conversational agents are highly desirable because they offer natural and human-like interaction. However, there is a lack of comprehensive end-to-end solutions to support collaborative development and benchmarking. While…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Qiang Sun , Yuanyi Luo , Sirui Li , Wenxiao Zhang , Wei Liu

Audio Language Models (ALM) have emerged as the dominant paradigm for speech and music generation by representing audio as sequences of discrete tokens. Yet, unlike text tokens, which are invertible, audio tokens are extracted from lossy…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Simon Rouard , Manu Orsini , Axel Roebel , Neil Zeghidour , Alexandre Défossez

The use of continuous instead of discrete tokens during the Chain-of-Thought (CoT) phase of reasoning LLMs has garnered attention recently, based on the intuition that a continuous mixture of discrete tokens could simulate a superposition…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Natasha Butt , Ariel Kwiatkowski , Ismail Labiad , Julia Kempe , Yann Ollivier

Large Language Model (LLM) based text-to-speech (TTS) systems have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling large speech datasets and generating natural speech for new speakers. However, LLM-based TTS models are not robust as the…

We propose WHISPER-GPT: A generative large language model (LLM) for speech and music that allows us to work with continuous audio representations and discrete tokens simultaneously as part of a single architecture. There has been a huge…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Prateek Verma

Native multimodal large language models (MLLMs) restructure a single large language model (LLM) into a spoken language model (SLM) capable of both speech and text generation. Compared to modular and aligned MLLMs, native MLLMs preserve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hang Shao , Heting Gao , Yunhang Shen , Jiawei Chen , Zuwei Long , Dong Yang , Ke Li , Xing Sun
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