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Various deep learning-based approaches utilizing pre-trained language models (PLMs) have been proposed for automated vulnerability detection. With recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), several studies have begun exploring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Honglin Shu , Michael Fu , Junji Yu , Dong Wang , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Junjie Chen , Yasutaka Kamei

Large Language models (LLMs) are transforming digital usage, particularly in text generation, image creation, information retrieval and code development. ChatGPT, launched by OpenAI in November 2022, quickly became a reference, prompting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Rafaël Nouailles

This, with the ever-increasing sophistication of cyberwar, calls for novel solutions. In this regard, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a highly promising tool for defensive and offensive cybersecurity-related strategies. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Abdulrahman S Almuhaidib , Azlan Mohd Zain , Zalmiyah Zakaria , Izyan Izzati Kamsani , Abdulaziz S Almuhaidib

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in tasks like code translation, prompting interest in their potential for automating software vulnerability detection (SVD) and patching (SVP). To further research in this area, establishing a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Arastoo Zibaeirad , Marco Vieira

Artificial Intelligence (AI) advancements have enabled the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) that can perform a variety of tasks with remarkable semantic understanding and accuracy. ChatGPT is one such LLM that has gained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-02 M. Mehdi Kholoosi , M. Ali Babar , Roland Croft

The large-scale deployment of Solidity smart contracts on the Ethereum mainnet has increasingly attracted financially-motivated attackers in recent years. A few now-infamous attacks in Ethereum's history includes DAO attack in 2016 (50…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Md Tauseef Alam , Raju Halder , Abyayananda Maiti

Most vulnerability detection studies focus on datasets of vulnerabilities in C/C++ code, offering limited language diversity. Thus, the effectiveness of deep learning methods, including large language models (LLMs), in detecting software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Kohei Dozono , Tiago Espinha Gasiba , Andrea Stocco

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software development is rapidly growing, with developers increasingly relying on these models for coding assistance, including security-critical tasks. Our work presents a comprehensive comparison…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Zohaib Masood , Miguel Vargas Martin

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have enabled processing of larger inputs, leading everyday software developers to increasingly rely on chat-based large language models (LLMs) like GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to detect vulnerabilities…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Francesco Sovrano , Adam Bauer , Alberto Bacchelli

Several recent works have argued that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be used to tame the data deluge in the cybersecurity field, by improving the automation of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) tasks. This work presents an evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Emanuele Mezzi , Fabio Massacci , Katja Tuma

Despite various approaches being employed to detect vulnerabilities, the number of reported vulnerabilities shows an upward trend over the years. This suggests the problems are not caught before the code is released, which could be caused…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Karl Tamberg , Hayretdin Bahsi

Various Deep Learning-based approaches with pre-trained language models have been proposed for automatically repairing software vulnerabilities. However, these approaches are limited to a specific programming language (C/C++). Recent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Dong wang , Junji Yu , Honglin Shu , Michael Fu , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Yasutaka Kamei , Junjie Chen

Deep learning-based approaches, particularly those leveraging pre-trained language models (PLMs), have shown promise in automated software vulnerability detection. However, existing methods are predominantly limited to specific programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Junji Yu , Honglin Shu , Michael Fu , Dong Wang , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Yasutaka Kamei , Junjie Chen

Ensuring that large language models (LLMs) can effectively assess, detect, explain, and remediate software vulnerabilities is critical for building robust and secure software systems. We introduce VADER, a human-evaluated benchmark designed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ethan TS. Liu , Austin Wang , Spencer Mateega , Carlos Georgescu , Danny Tang

With the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), their application in Software Quality Assurance (SQA) has increased. However, the current focus of these applications is predominantly on ChatGPT. There remains a gap in understanding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ratnadira Widyasari , David Lo , Lizi Liao

Along with the development of large language models (LLMs), e.g., ChatGPT, many existing approaches and tools for software security are changing. It is, therefore, essential to understand how security-aware these models are and how these…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Jingyue Li , Per Håkon Meland , Jakob Svennevik Notland , André Storhaug , Jostein Hjortland Tysse

Large vision-language models (VLMs) such as GPT-4 have achieved unprecedented performance in response generation, especially with visual inputs, enabling more creative and adaptable interaction than large language models such as ChatGPT.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yunqing Zhao , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Xiao Yang , Chongxuan Li , Ngai-Man Cheung , Min Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs), characterized by being trained on broad amounts of data in a self-supervised manner, have shown impressive performance across a wide range of tasks. Indeed, their generative abilities have aroused interest on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jorge García-Carrasco , Alejandro Maté , Juan Trujillo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming cybersecurity by enabling intelligent, adaptive, and automated approaches to threat detection, vulnerability assessment, and incident response. With their advanced language understanding and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Niveen O. Jaffal , Mohammed Alkhanafseh , David Mohaisen

Command injection vulnerabilities are a significant security threat in dynamic languages like Python, particularly in widely used open-source projects where security issues can have extensive impact. With the proven effectiveness of Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yuxuan Wang , Jingshu Chen , Qingyang Wang