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Related papers: Smoothie: Label Free Language Model Routing

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Multilingual large language models (LLMs) often exhibit language confusion, a tendency to generate responses in a dominant language irrespective of the prompt's language. To address this, we propose Smoothie-Qwen, a lightweight, post-hoc…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 SeungWon Ji , Jungyup Lee , Jemin Kim , Sang Park , SeungJae Lee

We propose LLM-PeerReview, an unsupervised LLM Ensemble method that selects the most ideal response from multiple LLM-generated candidates for each query, harnessing the collective wisdom of multiple models with diverse strengths.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhijun Chen , Zeyu Ji , Qianren Mao , Hao Wu , Jinhuan Song , Junhang Cheng , Bangjie Qin , Zhuoran Li , Jingzheng Li , Kai Sun , Zizhe Wang , Yikun Ban , Zhu Sun , Xiangyang Ji , Hailong Sun

In real-world NLP applications, Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising solutions due to their extensive training on vast datasets. However, the large size and high computation demands of LLMs limit their practicality in many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Juanhui Li , Sreyashi Nag , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Sheikh Sarwar , Limeng Cui , Hansu Gu , Suhang Wang , Qi He , Jiliang Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are capable of successfully performing many language processing tasks zero-shot (without training data). If zero-shot LLMs can also reliably classify and explain social phenomena like persuasiveness and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Caleb Ziems , William Held , Omar Shaikh , Jiaao Chen , Zhehao Zhang , Diyi Yang

Large language model (LLM) routers improve the efficiency of multi-model systems by directing each query to the most appropriate model while leveraging the diverse strengths of heterogeneous LLMs. Most existing approaches frame routing as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Canbin Huang , Tianyuan Shi , Yuhua Zhu , Ruijun Chen , Xiaojun Quan

Routing problems are common in mobile robotics, encompassing tasks such as inspection, surveillance, and coverage. Depending on the objective and constraints, these problems often reduce to variants of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Zhehui Huang , Guangyao Shi , Gaurav S. Sukhatme

Recent studies have demonstrated the great potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) serving as zero-shot relevance rankers. The typical approach involves making comparisons between pairs or lists of documents. Although effective, these…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Weiwei Sun , Zheng Chen , Xinyu Ma , Lingyong Yan , Shuaiqiang Wang , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Dawei Yin , Zhaochun Ren

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools but are often expensive to deploy at scale. LLM query routing mitigates this by dynamically assigning queries to models of varying cost and quality to obtain a desired trade-off. Prior query…

In this paper, we propose a training-free method for unsupervised short text clustering that relies less on careful selection of embedders than other methods. In customer-facing chatbots, companies are dealing with large amounts of user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 I-Fan Lin , Faegheh Hasibi , Suzan Verberne

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionised many fields, with LLM-as-a-service (LLMSaaS) offering accessible, general-purpose solutions without costly task-specific training. In contrast to the widely studied prompt engineering for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Md Rakibul Hasan , Yue Yao , Md Zakir Hossain , Aneesh Krishna , Imre Rudas , Shafin Rahman , Tom Gedeon

Large Language Models (LLMs) are starting to be profiled as one of the most significant disruptions in the Software Testing field. Specifically, they have been successfully applied in software testing tasks such as generating test code, or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Cristian Augusto , Antonia Bertolino , Guglielmo De Angelis , Francesca Lonetti , Jesús Morán

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used for downstream tasks such as tabular classification, where ensuring fairness in their outputs is critical for inclusivity, equal representation, and responsible AI deployment. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Garima Chhikara , Kripabandhu Ghosh , Abhijnan Chakraborty

Although large language models (LLMs) have advanced the state-of-the-art in NLP significantly, deploying them for downstream applications is still challenging due to cost, responsiveness, control, or concerns around privacy and security. As…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Dong-Ho Lee , Jay Pujara , Mohit Sewak , Ryen W. White , Sujay Kumar Jauhar

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is a vital task for LLM practitioners. Current alignment techniques have several limitations: (1) requiring a large amount of annotated data; (2) demanding heavy human involvement; (3)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Hongyi Guo , Yuanshun Yao , Wei Shen , Jiaheng Wei , Xiaoying Zhang , Zhaoran Wang , Yang Liu

Recent advancements in open vocabulary models, like CLIP, have notably advanced zero-shot classification and segmentation by utilizing natural language for class-specific embeddings. However, most research has focused on improving model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wenfang Sun , Yingjun Du , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Kompella , Cees G. M. Snoek

Model routing is a simple technique for reducing the inference cost of large language models (LLMs), wherein one maintains a pool of candidate LLMs, and learns to route each prompt to the smallest feasible LLM. Existing works focus on…

Large Language Models increasingly possess capabilities that carry dual-use risks. While data filtering has emerged as a pretraining-time mitigation, it faces significant challenges: labeling whether data is harmful is expensive at scale,…

Pre-trained language models derive substantial linguistic and factual knowledge from the massive corpora on which they are trained, and prompt engineering seeks to align these models to specific tasks. Unfortunately, existing prompt…

There is a burgeoning discussion around the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in acting as fundamental components that can be seamlessly incorporated into Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) to interpret complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Huanqi Yang , Sijie Ji , Rucheng Wu , Weitao Xu

The zero-shot capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled highly flexible, reference-free metrics for various tasks, making LLM evaluators common tools in NLP. However, the robustness of these LLM evaluators remains relatively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Rickard Stureborg , Dimitris Alikaniotis , Yoshi Suhara
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