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The threat of signal spoofing attacks against GNSS has grown in recent years and has motivated the study of anti-spoofing techniques. However, defense methods have been designed only against specific attacks. This paper introduces a general…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-24 Laura Crosara , Francesco Ardizzon , Stefano Tomasin , Nicola Laurenti

High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) are emerging stratospheric nodes within non-terrestrial networks. We provide a structured overview of HAPS subsystems and principal communication links, map cybersecurity and privacy exposure across…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chaouki Hjaiji , Bassem Ouni , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Ransomware's escalating sophistication necessitates tamper-resistant, off-host detection solutions that capture deep disk activity beyond the reach of a compromised operating system. Existing detection systems use host/kernel signals or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Md Raz , Venkata Sai Charan Putrevu , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Farshad Khorrami , Ramesh Karri

This paper investigates the random access procedure for non-terrestrial networks operating without global navigation satellite system (GNSS) support. In such scenarios, positioning uncertainties can reach several kilometers, which directly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-05 Marius Caus , Musbah Shaat

This article attempts to discover the surreptitious features of ransomware and to address it in information systems security research. It intends to elicit attention with regard to ransomware, a newly emerged cyber threat using such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-03-29 Akashdeep Bhardwaj , G. V. B. Subrahmanyam , Vinay Avasthi , Hanumat Sastry

The development of a system vulnerability analysis tool (SVAT) for complex mission critical systems (CMCS) produced the software for operation and network attack results review (SONARR). This software builds upon the Blackboard Architecture…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Matthew Tassava , Cameron Kolodjski , Jordan Milbrath , Jeremy Straub

We present a data poisoning attack -- Phantom Transfer -- with the property that, even if you know precisely how the poison was placed into an otherwise benign dataset, you cannot filter it out. We achieve this by modifying subliminal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Andrew Draganov , Tolga H. Dur , Anandmayi Bhongade , Mary Phuong

Accurate asset localization holds paramount importance across various industries, ranging from transportation management to search and rescue operations. In scenarios where traditional positioning equations cannot be adequately solved due…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-08 Alejandro Gonzalez-Garrido , Jorge Querol , Henk Wymeersch , Symeon Chatzinotas

In this paper, we conduct an empirical study on remote DoS attacks targeting NAT networks. We show that Internet attackers operating outside local NAT networks can remotely identify a NAT device and subsequently terminate TCP connections…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Xuewei Feng , Yuxiang Yang , Qi Li , Xingxiang Zhan , Kun Sun , Ziqiang Wang , Ao Wang , Ganqiu Du , Ke Xu

Though CNNs have achieved the state-of-the-art performance on various vision tasks, they are vulnerable to adversarial examples --- crafted by adding human-imperceptible perturbations to clean images. However, most of the existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Cihang Xie , Zhishuai Zhang , Yuyin Zhou , Song Bai , Jianyu Wang , Zhou Ren , Alan Yuille

Standard Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can be easily fooled by images with small quasi-imperceptible artificial perturbations. As alternatives to CNNs, the recently proposed Capsule Networks (CapsNets) are shown to be more robust to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Jindong Gu , Baoyuan Wu , Volker Tresp

The growing low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations have become an essential part of the fifth-generation (5G) non-terrestrial network (NTN) market. These satellites can enable direct-to-cell connectivity for mobile devices and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Bohan Zhang , Peng Hu , Ahmad Akbari Azirani , Mohammad A. Salahuddin , Diogo Barradas , Noura Limam , Raouf Boutaba

To safeguard Civilian Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) external information available to the platform encompassing the GNSS receiver can be used to detect attacks. Cross-checking the GNSS-provided time against alternative multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Marco Spanghero , Panos Papadimitratos

This paper studies, for the first time, the trajectory planning problem in adversarial environments, where the objective is to design the trajectory of a robot to reach a desired final state despite the unknown and arbitrary action of an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-25 Yin-Chen Liu , Gianluca Bianchin , Fabio Pasqualetti

Ransomware attack effectiveness has increased causing far reaching consequences that are not fully understood. The ability to disrupt core services, the global reach, extended duration, and the repetition has increased their ability to harm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Alex Zarifis , Xusen Cheng , Uchitha Jayawickrama , Simone Corsi

The Attacks done by Viruses, Worms, Hackers, etc. are a Network Security-Problem in many Organisations. Current Intrusion Detection Systems have significant Disadvantages, e.g. the need of plenty of Computational Power or the Local…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2008-05-08 Michael Hilker , Christoph Schommer

In PCNs, nodes that forward payments between a source and a receiver are paid a small fee if the payment is successful. The fee is a compensation for temporarily committing funds to the payment. However, payments may fail due to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Satwik Prabhu Kumble , Dick Epema , Stefanie Roos

Long-distance entanglement is a very precious resource, but its distribution is very difficult due to the exponential losses of light in optical fibres. A possible solution consists in the use of quantum repeaters, based on entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-18 Carlo Liorni , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruss

This paper presents a system-level engineering approach for the preliminary coverage performance analysis and the design of a generic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constellation. This analysis accounts for both the coverage…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-22 Marco Nugnes , Camilla Colombo , Massimo Tipaldi

Ransomware is still one of the most serious cybersecurity threats. Victims often pay but fail to regain access to their data, while also facing the danger of losing data privacy. These uncertainties heavily shape the attacker-victim…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xinyu Hou , Yang Lu , Rabimba Karanjai , Lei Xu , Weidong Shi