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Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a nonlinear iterative seismic imaging technique that, by reducing the misfit between recorded and predicted seismic waveforms, can produce detailed estimates of subsurface geophysical properties.…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-11-22 Vahid Negahdari , Seyed Reza Moghadasi , Mohammad Reza Razvan

In this paper, we present Pangu-Weather, a deep learning based system for fast and accurate global weather forecast. For this purpose, we establish a data-driven environment by downloading $43$ years of hourly global weather data from the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-11-07 Kaifeng Bi , Lingxi Xie , Hengheng Zhang , Xin Chen , Xiaotao Gu , Qi Tian

The availability of reliable, high-resolution climate and weather data is important to inform long-term decisions on climate adaptation and mitigation and to guide rapid responses to extreme events. Forecasting models are limited by…

The oceans play a fundamental role in Earth's climate system, redistributing heat and influencing global and regional climate variability and predictability across weather and climate timescales. The benefits of ocean-atmosphere coupling…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Christopher David Roberts , Sarah Keeley , Kristian Mogensen , Charles Pelletier , Hao Zuo

Underwater explosions produce complex fluid phenomena relevant to diverse applications including maritime engineering, medical therapeutics, and inertial confinement fusion. These systems exhibit multiphase flows, chemical kinetics, and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-02 Francis G. VanGessel , Mitul Pandya

Since model bias and associated initialization shock are serious shortcomings that reduce prediction skills in state-of-the-art decadal climate prediction efforts, we pursue a complementary machine-learning-based approach to climate…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 Xihaier Luo , Balasubramanya T. Nadiga , Yihui Ren , Ji Hwan Park , Wei Xu , Shinjae Yoo

Rare events arising in nonlinear atmospheric dynamics remain hard to predict and attribute. We address the problem of forecasting rare events in a prototypical example, Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSWs). Approximately once every other…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Justin Finkel , Robert J. Webber , Dorian S. Abbot , Edwin P. Gerber , Jonathan Weare

The planning and operation of renewable energy, especially wind power, depend crucially on accurate, timely, and high-resolution weather information. Coarse-grid global numerical weather forecasts are typically downscaled to meet these…

Climate change affects ocean temperature, salinity and sea level, impacting monsoons and ocean productivity. Future projections by Global Climate Models based on shared socioeconomic pathways from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Abhishek Pasula , Deepak N. Subramani

The atmosphere is chaotic. This fundamental property of the climate system makes forecasting weather incredibly challenging: it's impossible to expect weather models to ever provide perfect predictions of the Earth system beyond timescales…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-12-15 Elizabeth A. Barnes , Kirsten Mayer , Benjamin Toms , Zane Martin , Emily Gordon

Machine learning emulators have shown extraordinary skill in forecasting atmospheric states, and their application to global ocean dynamics offers similar promise. Here, we adapt the GraphCast architecture into a dedicated ocean-only…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Niraj Agarwal , Timothy A. Smith , Sergey Frolov , Laura C. Slivinski

Weather forecasting is a crucial task for meteorologic research, with direct social and economic impacts. Recently, data-driven weather forecasting models based on deep learning have shown great potential, achieving superior performance…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-08-26 Lihao Gan , Xin Man , Chenghong Zhang , Jie Shao

Increasing attention is being paid to millimeter-wave (mmWave), 30 GHz to 300 GHz, and terahertz (THz), 300 GHz to 10 THz, sensing applications including security sensing, industrial packaging, medical imaging, and non-destructive testing.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-28 Josiah Smith

Streamflow prediction is one of the key challenges in the field of hydrology due to the complex interplay between multiple non-linear physical mechanisms behind streamflow generation. While physics based models are rooted in rich…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Ankush Khandelwal , Shaoming Xu , Xiang Li , Xiaowei Jia , Michael Stienbach , Christopher Duffy , John Nieber , Vipin Kumar

Severe heatwaves in urban areas significantly threaten public health, calling for establishing early warning strategies. Despite predicting occurrence of heatwaves and attributing historical mortality, predicting an incoming deadly heatwave…

Climate extremes present escalating risks to agriculture intensifying the need for reliable multi-hazard early warning systems (EWS). The situation is evolving due to climate change and hence such systems should have the intelligent to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Boyuan Zheng , Victor W. Chu

Weather forecasting has seen a shift in methods from numerical simulations to data-driven systems. While initial research in the area focused on deterministic forecasting, recent works have used diffusion models to produce skillful ensemble…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Martin Andrae , Tomas Landelius , Joel Oskarsson , Fredrik Lindsten

Ocean wave climate has a significant impact on near-shore and off-shore human activities, and its characterisation can help in the design of ocean structures such as wave energy converters and sea dikes. Therefore, engineers need long time…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-27 Said Obakrim , Valérie Monbet , Nicolas Raillard , Pierre Ailliot

Due to the rise in the use of renewable energies as an alternative to traditional ones, and especially solar energy, there is increasing interest in studying how to address photovoltaic forecasting in the face of the challenge of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Ines Montoya-Espinagosa , Antonio Agudo

Machine learning weather models trained on observed atmospheric conditions can outperform conventional physics-based models at short- to medium-range (1-14 day) forecast timescales. Here we take the machine learning weather model ACE2,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Chris Kent , Adam A. Scaife , Nick J. Dunstone , Doug Smith , Steven C. Hardiman , Tom Dunstan , Oliver Watt-Meyer