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In multi-agent path finding (MAPF) the task is to find non-conflicting paths for multiple agents. In this paper we focus on finding suboptimal solutions for MAPF for the sum-of-costs variant. Recently, a SAT-based approached was developed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Pavel Surynek , Ariel Felner , Roni Stern , Eli Boyarski

We discuss milestones on the tour towards DPLL(MAPF), a multi-agent path finding (MAPF) solver fully integrated with the Davis-Putnam-Logemann-Loveland (DPLL) propositional satisfiability testing algorithm through satisfiability modulo…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Pavel Surynek

Multi-Agent Combinatorial Path Finding (MCPF) seeks collision-free paths for multiple agents from their initial to goal locations, while visiting a set of intermediate target locations in the middle of the paths. MCPF is challenging as it…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Zhongqiang Ren , Anushtup Nandy , Sivakumar Rathinam , Howie Choset

This paper investigates a problem called Multi-Agent Path Finding with Elevators (MAPF-E), which seeks conflict-free paths for multiple agents from their start to goal locations that may locate on different floors, and the agents can use…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Haitong He , Xuemian Wu , Shizhe Zhao , Zhongqiang Ren

This paper addresses a generalization of the well known multi-agent path finding (MAPF) problem that optimizes multiple conflicting objectives simultaneously such as travel time and path risk. This generalization, referred to as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Zhongqiang Ren , Sivakumar Rathinam , Maxim Likhachev , Howie Choset

We study the multi-agent path finding problem (MAPF) for a group of agents which are allowed to move into arbitrary directions on a 2D square grid. We focus on centralized conflict resolution for independently computed plans. We propose an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-10 Konstantin Yakovlev , Anton Andreychuk

Multi-robot navigation in cluttered environments presents fundamental challenges in balancing reactive collision avoidance with long-range goal achievement. When navigating through narrow passages or confined spaces, deadlocks frequently…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Haoyi Wang , Licheng Luo , Yiannis Kantaros , Bruno Sinopoli , Mingyu Cai

We study online Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF), where new agents are constantly revealed over time and all agents must find collision-free paths to their given goal locations. We generalize existing complexity results of (offline) MAPF to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Hang Ma

This study extends the recently-developed LaCAM algorithm for multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF). LaCAM is a sub-optimal search-based algorithm that uses lazy successor generation to dramatically reduce the planning effort. We present two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Keisuke Okumura

We study how to use guidance to improve the throughput of lifelong Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF). Previous studies have demonstrated that, while incorporating guidance, such as highways, can accelerate MAPF algorithms, this often results…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yulun Zhang , He Jiang , Varun Bhatt , Stefanos Nikolaidis , Jiaoyang Li

We propose an extension to the MAPF formulation, called SocialMAPF, to account for private incentives of agents in constrained environments such as doorways, narrow hallways, and corridor intersections. SocialMAPF is able to, for instance,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Rohan Chandra , Rahul Maligi , Arya Anantula , Joydeep Biswas

As industries increasingly adopt large robotic fleets, there is a pressing need for computationally efficient, practical, and optimal conflict-free path planning for multiple robots. Conflict-Based Search (CBS) is a popular method for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Scott Fredriksson , Yifan Bai , Akshit Saradagi , George Nikolakopoulos

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) under one-shot planning is a core component of warehouse automation, yet classical formulations typically assume four-connected 2D grids with unit-time moves in four directions. To fill reality gaps while…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hiroki Nagai , Keisuke Okumura

We present a novel framework for addressing the challenges of multi-Agent planning and formation control within intricate and dynamic environments. This framework transforms the Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) problem into a Multi-Agent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Zong Chen , Songyuan Fa , Yiqun Li

Multi-agent path planning is a challenging problem with numerous real-life applications. Running a centralized search such as A* in the combined state space of all units is complete and cost-optimal, but scales poorly, as the state space…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Ko-Hsin Cindy Wang , Adi Botea

Multi-Agent Pickup and Delivery (MAPD) is a challenging extension of Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF), where agents are required to sequentially complete tasks with fixed-location pickup and delivery demands. Although learning-based methods…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Zeyuan Zhao , Chaoran Li , Shao Zhang , Ying Wen

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) has been widely used to solve large-scale real-world problems, e.g., automation warehouses. The learning-based, fully decentralized framework has been introduced to alleviate real-time problems and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Wenhao Li , Hongjun Chen , Bo Jin , Wenzhe Tan , Hongyuan Zha , Xiangfeng Wang

Anytime multi-agent path finding (MAPF) is a promising approach to scalable path optimization in large-scale multi-agent systems. State-of-the-art anytime MAPF is based on Large Neighborhood Search (LNS), where a fast initial solution is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Thomy Phan , Taoan Huang , Bistra Dilkina , Sven Koenig

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is a representative multi-agent coordination problem, where multiple agents are required to navigate to their respective goals without collisions. Solving MAPF optimally is known to be NP-hard, leading to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rishabh Jain , Keisuke Okumura , Michael Amir , Pietro Lio , Amanda Prorok

In recent years, Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) has attracted attention from the fields of both Operations Research (OR) and Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, in the 2021 Flatland3 Challenge, a competition on MAPF, the best RL method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Yuhao Jiang , Kunjie Zhang , Qimai Li , Jiaxin Chen , Xiaolong Zhu