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Masked diffusion models (MDM) are powerful generative models for discrete data that generate samples by progressively unmasking tokens in a sequence. Each token can take one of two states: masked or unmasked. We observe that token sequences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Chen-Hao Chao , Wei-Fang Sun , Hanwen Liang , Chun-Yi Lee , Rahul G. Krishnan

We identify and analyze a surprising phenomenon of Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) where the final steps of the diffusion can degrade sample quality. In contrast to conventional arguments that justify early stopping for numerical stability,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-03 Yu-Han Wu , Quentin Berthet , Gérard Biau , Claire Boyer , Romuald Elie , Pierre Marion

The integration of molecular and natural language representations has emerged as a focal point in molecular science, with recent advancements in Language Models (LMs) demonstrating significant potential for comprehensive modeling of both…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-19 Qizhi Pei , Rui Yan , Kaiyuan Gao , Jinhua Zhu , Lijun Wu

Inspired by recent findings that generative diffusion models learn semantically meaningful representations, we use them to discover the intrinsic hierarchical structure in biomedical 3D images using unsupervised segmentation. We show that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Nurislam Tursynbek , Marc Niethammer

Three-dimensional molecular structure generation is typically performed at the level of individual atoms, yet molecular graph generation techniques often consider fragments as their structural units. Building on the advances in frame-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Roman Poletukhin , Marcel Kollovieh , Eike Eberhard , Stephan Günnemann

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in image and video generation. In this work, we demonstrate that diffusion models can also \textit{generate high-performing neural network parameters}. Our approach is simple, utilizing an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Kai Wang , Dongwen Tang , Boya Zeng , Yida Yin , Zhaopan Xu , Yukun Zhou , Zelin Zang , Trevor Darrell , Zhuang Liu , Yang You

The advent of neural-network-based deep learning techniques has led to the emergence of increasingly sophisticated numerical interatomic potentials, including graph neural networks and large language-motivated foundation models.…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Susan R. Atlas

Latent dynamical models are commonly used to learn the distribution of a latent dynamical process that represents a sequence of noisy data samples. However, producing samples from such models with high fidelity is challenging due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Mohammad R. Rezaei

Image generation models trained on large datasets can synthesize high-quality images but often produce spatially inconsistent and distorted images due to limited information about the underlying structures and spatial layouts. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Hyundo Lee , Suhyung Choi , Inwoo Hwang , Byoung-Tak Zhang

Recently, 3D generative models have shown promising performances in structure-based drug design by learning to generate ligands given target binding sites. However, only modeling the target-ligand distribution can hardly fulfill one of the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-22 Xiangxin Zhou , Xiwei Cheng , Yuwei Yang , Yu Bao , Liang Wang , Quanquan Gu

We present a latent diffusion model for fast feed-forward 3D scene generation. Given one or more images, our model Bolt3D directly samples a 3D scene representation in less than seven seconds on a single GPU. We achieve this by leveraging…

Unlike vision and language data which usually has a unique format, molecules can naturally be characterized using different chemical formulations. One can view a molecule as a 2D graph or define it as a collection of atoms located in a 3D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Shengjie Luo , Tianlang Chen , Yixian Xu , Shuxin Zheng , Tie-Yan Liu , Liwei Wang , Di He

Graph diffusion models achieve state-of-the-art performance in graph generation but suffer from quadratic complexity in the number of nodes -- and much of their capacity is wasted modeling the absence of edges in sparse graphs. Inspired by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Antoine Siraudin , Christopher Morris

High-resolution image synthesis remains a core challenge in generative modeling, particularly in balancing computational efficiency with the preservation of fine-grained visual detail. We present Latent Wavelet Diffusion (LWD), a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Luigi Sigillo , Shengfeng He , Danilo Comminiello

Generative models aim to learn the distribution of observed data by generating new instances. With the advent of neural networks, deep generative models, including variational autoencoders (VAEs), generative adversarial networks (GANs), and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Zifan Shi , Sida Peng , Yinghao Xu , Andreas Geiger , Yiyi Liao , Yujun Shen

A complete representation of 3D objects requires characterizing the space of deformations in an interpretable manner, from articulations of a single instance to changes in shape across categories. In this work, we improve on a prior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Tristan Aumentado-Armstrong , Stavros Tsogkas , Sven Dickinson , Allan Jepson

Modern learning-based approaches to 3D-aware image synthesis achieve high photorealism and 3D-consistent viewpoint changes for the generated images. Existing approaches represent instances in a shared canonical space. However, for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Katja Schwarz , Seung Wook Kim , Jun Gao , Sanja Fidler , Andreas Geiger , Karsten Kreis

Recent 3D human generative models have achieved remarkable progress by learning 3D-aware GANs from 2D images. However, existing 3D human generative methods model humans in a compact 1D latent space, ignoring the articulated structure and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Tao Hu , Fangzhou Hong , Ziwei Liu

Recently, molecule generation using deep learning has been actively investigated in drug discovery. In this field, Transformer and VAE are widely used as powerful models, but they are rarely used in combination due to structural and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-08 Yasuhiro Yoshikai , Tadahaya Mizuno , Shumpei Nemoto , Hiroyuki Kusuhara

By formulating data samples' formation as a Markov denoising process, diffusion models achieve state-of-the-art performances in a collection of tasks. Recently, many variants of diffusion models have been proposed to enable controlled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Hengtong Zhang , Tingyang Xu
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